[568]. Second Voyage, p. 529.
[569]. Compare Nordenskiöld’s account of the comparative cleanliness of the Chukch dwellings at Pitlekaj: “On the other hand it may be stated that in order not to make a stay in the confined tent chamber too uncomfortable certain rules are strictly observed. Thus, for instance, it is not permitted in the interior of the tent to spit on the floor, but this must be done into a vessel which, in case of necessity, is used as a night utensil. In every outer tent there lies a specially curved reindeer horn, with which snow is removed from the clothes; the outer pesk is usually put off before one goes into the inner tent, and the shoes are carefully freed from snow. The carpet of walrus skins which covers the floor of the inner tent is accordingly dry and clean. Even the outer tent is swept clean and free from loose snow, and the snow is daily shoveled away from the tent doors with a spade of whalebone. Every article, both in the outer and inner tent, is laid in its proper place, and so on.” (Vega, vol. 2, p. 104.)
[570]. Compare Dall, Alaska, p. 20.
[571]. See Nordenskiöld, Vega, vol. 2, p. 104.
[572]. Greenland, p. 127.
[573]. Narrative, p. 155.
[574]. Beechy’s Voyage p. 312.
[575]. N. W. Passage, p. 385.
[576]. Dr. Simpson says (op. cit., p. 275): “Diseases are also considered to be turn´gaks.”
[577]. Tents, etc., p. 185.