N(AB)N(aB)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ .
N(A)N(a)

This can be done by substituting

N(AB) + N(Ab) for N(A), &c.

Thus,

N(AB)N(aB)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(A)N(a)
N(a)N(A)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(aB)N(AB)
N(aB) + N(ab)N(AB) + N(Ab)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(aB)N(AB)
N(ab)N(Ab)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(aB)N(AB)
N(ab)N(aB)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(Ab)N(AB)
N(Ab) + N(ab)N(AB) + N(aB)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(Ab)N(AB)
N(b) N(B)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ ,
N(Ab)N(AB)
N(AB)N(Ab)
⎯⎯ > ⎯⎯ .
N(B)N(b)

356. Given the number (U) of objects in the Universe, and the number of objects in each of the classes x1, x2, x3, … xn, shew that the least number of objects in the class (x1x2x3xn)

= UN (x1) − N (x2) − N (x3) … − N (xn). 410

where N (x1) means the number of things which are not x1; N (x2) means the number of things which are not x2; &c. [J.]

Given N (x1), N (x2), &c., the number of objects in the class (x1 or x2 … or xn) is greatest when no object belongs to any pair of the classes x1, x2, …; and in this case it = N (x1) + N (x2) … + N (xn).
Hence the least number in the contradictory class, x1x2x3xn,

= UN (x1) − N (x2) … − N (xn).