16. Water percolating into a benching trench, made to receive the toe of a slope, thereby impairing the cohesion of the soil and reducing its weight-carrying capacity and stability.
17. Vibration.
18. The different nature and state of the earth tipped into an embankment and the consequent localisation of water in the more pervious soil, causing unequal settlement, subsidence and movement.
19. An embankment being tipped of material in a different state of dryness, moistness, hardness, softness, or in a frozen condition.
20. The size and character of the earth, as excavated in the cuttings; for instance, whether picked and shovelled soil, or lumps of excavation simply barred away and deposited in small masses with earth approaching a state of dirt or mud.
21. Overpressure upon the material forming an embankment.
22. The different conditions of the weather, when an embankment is tipped, causing portions to become dry, wet, or frozen.
23. The lead or distance from a cutting to the place of deposition being of considerable length.
24. The earth being loosened from vibration and concussion during transit in the wagons, and in the process of deposition, thus causing it to be non-homogeneous.
25. By the earth being tipped with greater impetus at one part than at another place.