21. A dry wall at the toe of the slope of a stratum of unstable soil, found above the formation level and superimposed upon rock or firm earth.
22. Varying or increasing the flatness of a slope towards the bottom of a cutting or embankment.
23. In cuttings, by retaining walls, with or without overhead struts.
24. Systematic planting upon the cess and slopes, trees, shrubs, or bushes having deep wide-spreading roots.
25. The removal of any spoil bank that may have been tipped or cast out near the top of the slope of a cutting.
26. Removing the turf and all loose or decaying matter from the natural ground before the earth is deposited.
27. Clearing away all snow and frozen soil before tipping or excavating, and taking care that no frozen earth is deposited.
28. Forming the ground upon which an embankment has to be tipped, at an inclination downward from the toe of a slope, towards the centre, and the construction of a dry drain along the centre line so as to cause percolating water to flow away, or prevent it reaching the slopes.
29. Benching the ground upon which an embankment has to be deposited.
30. Covering the ground upon which an embankment is to be tipped with a hard permeable layer.