America: Being the Latest, and Most Accurate Description of the Nevv VVorld / Containing the Original of the Inhabitants, and the Remarkable Voyages Thither. The Conquest of the Vast Empires of Mexico and Peru, and Other Large Provinces and Territories, with the Several European Plantations in Those Parts. Also Their Cities, Fortresses, Towns, Temples, Mountains, and Rivers. Their Habits, Customs, Manners, and Religions. Their Plants, Beasts, Birds, and Serpents. With an Appendix, Containing, Besides Several Other Considerable Additions, a Brief Survey of What Hath Been Discover'd of the Unknown South-land and the Arctick Region.

by John Ogilby

The Fruit Unni, by the Spaniards call’d Murtilla, is like a little red Grape, and hath a tart taste. The Wine press’d out of this Fruit is clear to the Eye, pleasing to the Palate, and good for the Stomach, never causing any Head-ache: It also makes good Vinegar.

But the chiefest Benefit of Chili is the rich Gold-Mines. The Countrey for the most part lies desolate, occasion’d by the continual Wars which the valiant People Arauco maintain’d against the Spaniards after such a manner, that in no place of America they met with such resistance, or sustain’d such Losses. They speak an elegant Language, according to the testimony of Elias Herkmans, who having committed to Writing all the most significant Words thereof which were taught him by the Chileses, it will not be altogether amiss to set down some of them, which are these following:

A View of the Chilesian Language.

• Tepanto, A Year.
• Tien, A Moneth, or the Moon.
• Toninco, A Week.
• Ante, The Day, or Sun.
• Paun, The Night.
• Tabuyo, The Evening.
• Eppoun, The Morning.
• Rangiante, Noon.
• Eppoe, The next Day after to Morrow.
• Vya, Yesterday.
• Putey, The Day before Yesterday.
• Buchiante, To Day.
• Mintay, Now.
• Weytiva, At that time.
• Wantarulei, In the Morning betimes.
• Biliante, Always.
• Chumel, When.
• Chemchuem, Also.
• Hueno, The Heavens.
• Quereb, The Air or Wind.
• Tomo, The Clouds.
• Wangelen, The Stars.
• Pillan, Thunder.
• Gualio, Lightning.
• Puta que quereb, A Storm.
• Maoni, Rain.
• Piren, Snow.
• Veaquumao, Dew.
• Pillingei, Ice.
• Quetal, Fire.
• Ko, Water.
• Tue, The Earth.
• Mappo, The Land.
• Pele, Clay.
• Cura, Stone.
• Maviel, Wood.
• Aluven, Timber.
• Millia, Gold.
• Lien, Silver.
• Paila, Brass.
• Titi, Tin.
• Pavillue, Iron.
• Quatal-cura, A Pebble-stone.
• Chadi, Salt.
• Lyl, A Rock.
• Milla-mappen, A Golden Vein.
• Aliquen, A Tree.
• Cahu, Herbs.
• Nebo, Nuts.
• Pino, Grass.
• Cayron, Hay.
• Wento, A Man.
• Domo, A Wife.
• Quiduugen, A Youth.
• Yecho, A Maiden.
• Penien, A Boy.
• Domo-penien, A Girl.
• Chou, A Father.
• Nenque, A Mother.
• Cheche, A Grandfather.
• Domo-cheche, A Grandmother.
• Wenco, Mothers Brother.
• Mama, Mothers Sister.
• Pelchuchan, A Stepfather.
• Caulla, A Stepmother.
• Botum, A Son.
• Neaque, A Daughter.
• Penu, A Brother.
• Lamoen, A Sister.
• Guempo, A Father-in-law.
• Vilca, A Mother-in-law.
• Choupa, A Son-in-law.
• Weuro-pencho, A Kinsman.
• Buytha, An old Man.
• Cude, An old Woman.
• Cunewa, An Hospital Child.
• Peneinboe, A Guardian.
• Apo-curaca, A Governor.
• Curaca, A Lord.
• Apo, A supream Commander.
• Nentoque, A Ruler.
• Ulmen, A Person of Quality.
• Pulmen, A Gentleman.
• Machi, A Chirurgeon.
• Cona, A Soldier.
• Retave-caman, A Smith.
• Guito-wok, A Weaver.
• Challo-acaman, A Fisher-man.
• Nilla-caboe, A Merchant.
• Turnitave, A Dyer.
• Chumpiro-caman, A Cap-maker.
• Tultunca-caman, A Drummer.
• Inchetaniweni, A Servant.
• Voerquin, A Messenger.
• Langamcheboe, A Murderer.
• Chiquiboe, A Thief.
• Illuiboe, A Beggar.
• Alvee, The Devil.
• Ruca, A House.
• Ullin, A Door.
• Chaquana, A pair of Stairs.
• Pylca, A Wall.
• Wana-ruca, The Roof.
• Pithe-ruca, A Hut.
• Colcura, A Cupboard.
• Cawyto, A Bedstead.
• Depotuarica, A Prison.
• Weltelve, A Gibbet.
• Pengal, A Grave.
• Lonquen, The Sea.
• Leva, The River.
• Buta-wampo, A Ship.
• Aliwen, A Mast.
• Mou, Ropes.
• Dolio, A Canoo.
• Wampo, A Boat.
• Vela, Sails.
• Wyta, An Oar.
• Tubquen, Ashes.
• Cuju, A dead Coal.
• Ale, The Flame.
• Aypel, A burning Coal.
• Wietum, Smoak.
• Catila, a Candle.
• Wyno, A Knife.
• Witi, A Spoon.
• Guidi, A Pot.
• Lepoboruwe, A Tooth-picker.
• Pavilla-lonco, An Helmet.
• Waiqui, A Pike.
• Pylqui, A Dart.
• Pulque-tuboi, A Bowe.
• Tultunca, A Trumpet.
• Mecane, An Iron Club.
• Cachal, An Awl.
• Wita, A Spade.
• Juisue, A Sieve.
• Chilca, A Letter.
• Charavilla, A pair of Breeches.
• Icha, A Woman’s Garment.
• Domo-ruida, A Coat.
• Couchon, A Bag.
• Pino-chompiro, A Straw Cap.
• Congi, Food.
• Cobque, Bread.
• Nul-cobque, The Crumb.
• Liquangue, Light.
• Dumingei, Darkness.
• Quemeiquen, Dainties.
• Medda, Pap.
• Core, Broth.
• Ilon, Flesh.
• Cuichalon, Mutton.
• Wara-ilon, Beef.
• Chuchi-ilon, Pork.
• Chuchi-chain, A Gammon of Bacon.
• Chaditues-ilon, Salt.
• Caucan, Roast-meat.
• Avaun, Boyl’d-meat.
• Puytscha, The Guts.
• Curam, An Egg.
• Quecuram, The Yolk of an Egg.
• Lycuram, The White of an Egg.
• Iwyn, Butter.
• Ylu, Milk.
• Puuloo, Drink,
• Vino, Wine.
• Chiche, Beer.
• Cutan, Pain or Sickness.
• Aren-cutan, A Feaver.
• Towongen, The Head.
• Cancocultano, The Head-ache.
• Veno-aren, Scabs.
• Albungien, A Wound.
• Molbuen, Blood.
• Touma, A blind Man.
• Cawinto, A Meal.
• Colchou, The Small-pox.
• Wocubu, A wild Beast.
• Pangy, A Lyon.
• Naguel, A Tyger.
• Cuchy, A Swine.
• Michun, A Calf.
• Dewe, A Mouse.
• Waren, A Rat.
• Twe-dewe, A Mole.
• Tewa, A Dog.
• Pulpeo, A Fox.
• Guetaltuange, A Hare.
• Noquen, A She-bear.
• Lame, A Sea-Dog.
• Lemo-cuchi, A wild Swine.
• Chumam, A Bear.
• Puedo, A Sea-Goat.
• Quelen, A Tail.
• Chiliweki, A Sheep.
• Zuneu, a Bird.
• Lyppe, A Plume.
• Mepoiinem, A Wing.
• Dani-inem, A Nest.
• Achawal, a Hen.
• Alchahawal, a Cock.
• Pylken, A Duck.
• Jeca, A Raven.
• Guereo, A Magpye.
• Cogo, A Cuckow.
• Nullyn, A Bee.
• Pulli, A Flye.
• Vulgumusky, The King of Bees.
• Petar, A Louse.
• Perem, A Flea.
• Piro, A Worm.
• Vilo, A Serpent.
• Bylcum, A Hedghog.
• Ponono, A Toad.
• Challua, A Fish.
• Cawel, A Dolphin.
• Iene, A Whale.
• Vouqui, A Grigg.
• Vilochalva, An Eel.
• Chadituel-chalva, Salt-fish.
• Anquen-chalva, Dry’d-fish.
• Quinpilon, Oysters.
• Chapes, Mussles.
• Coinow, A Crab.
• Quichiquinchio, a Falcon.
• Manco, A Crane.
• Choroi, A Parrot.
• Pilo, Dead.
• Hilca, A one-ey’d Person.
• Topilgen, To squint.
• Topil, Lame.
• Poo, A Bough.
• Kempomamel, Dry Wood.
• Bopemamel, Wither’d Wood.
• Nobue, An Acorn.
• Nido-iwas, A Vineyard.
• Nidu, A Pole.
• Vanguen, Strawberries.
• Couchow, Black-berries.
• Litue, Toad-stools.
• Pilun-proque, Plantain.
• Calicai, Clover-grass.
• Curi, Stinking Nettles.
• Pragyn, Flowers.
• Manen, Seed.
• Methen, Meal.
• Chiquelen, To gather.
• Gueli-vanca, Coral.
• Kispi, Glass.
• Cudi, A Milstone.
• Pel, Mud or Dirt.
• Tassaquido, A Treasure.
• Guengu, A Marriage-Portion.
• Deren-culyn, A Debt.
• Culyn, A Reward.
• Willawyn, Single-money.
• Guyn, One.
• Eppo, Two.
• Quila, Three.
• Meli, Four.
• Quechu, Five.
• Cuyn, Six.
• Regli, Seven.
• Pura, Eight.
• Culla, Nine.
• Maripataco, A hundred.
• Marama, A thousand.
• Guiltui, A Kernel.
• Tapel, Leaves.
• Nil, The Bark.
• Pelli, The Smell.
• Oaliel, The Body.
• Lai-calel, A dead Corps.
• Ven, Flesh.
• Molvin, Blood.
• Boro, A Leg.
• Telqui, The Skin.
• Vel, The Sinews.
• Ven-molvin, A Vein.
• Congo, The Head.
• Tol, The Forehead.
• Lenglen, The Scull.
• Lonco, The Hair.
• Teren-lonco, Grey.
• Lolo, The Brain.
• Angen, The Face.
• Taun, The Jaws.
• Ne, The Eyes.
• Tacune, The Members.
• Denen, The Eye-brows.
• Ju, The Nose.
• Peloju, The Nostrils.
• Merum, Snot.
• Pilum, The Ears.
• Oun, A Mouth.
• Adem, Sweat.
• Quewen, The Tongue.
• Melbue, The Lips.
• Boru, The Teeth.
• Ilga, The Gums.
• Bida-bida, The Roof of the Mouth.
• Cain, Spittle.
• Mewe, The Throat.
• Neen, The Breath.
• Quette, The Chin.
• Paion, The Beard.
• Pel, The Neck.
• Lipan, The Shoulders.
• Puilpa, An Arm.
• Cue, A Hand.
• Mancue, The Right-hand.
• Melecoe, The Left-hand.
• Puley-cue, The Palm of the Hand.
• Changel-cue, The Fingers.
• Buta-changel, The Thumb.
• Wili, The Nails.
• Zevo, The Breast.
• Moju, The Nipples.
• Pue, The Belly.
• Weddo, The Navel.
• Cadi, The Ribs.
• Buri, The Back.
• Anca, The Sides.
• Quichio, The Buttocks.
• Penem, A Man’s Genital Parts.
• Metu, A Womans.
• Chan, The Thighs.
• Lucu, The Knees.
• Metunthoy, The Knee-Bone.
• Hemum, The Calves.
• Kamon, The Feet.
• Pinque, The Heart.
• Mocun, The Lungs.
• Que, The Maw.
• Curique, The Liver.
• Vaca, The Milt.
• Quelche, The Guts.
• Villin, The Bladder.
• Momay, To Stink.
• Pelengsley, A Spider.
• Inche, I.
• Tubei, He.
• Eimi, You.
• Inchen, We.
• Tecengen-eimen, You People.
• Liengen, Those People.
• Emma, So.
• Muh, No.
• Pichumei, Hard by.
• Averlugei, Far.
• Taymen, Against.
• Woecun, Without.
• Compay, Within.
• Pulon, Below.
• Wono, Above.
• Buri, Behind.
• Junengen, Before.
• Quelleb, Near.
• Munai, Enough.
• Alengei, Too much.
• Munalai, Too little.
• Chemibla, Wherefore.
• Venibla, Therefore.
• Vei-mai, Let it be so.
• Wei, These.
• Temunei, Fair.
• Woranei, Ugly.
• Newonei, Strong.
• Leptungei, Swift.
• Chouwo, Lazie.
• Alilonconei, Very wise.
• Wentannei, Valiant.
• Queunei, Proud.
• Culenei, Rich.
• Cunewal, Poor.
• Toucou, Foolish.
• Molgei, Naked.
• Ilungei, Clothed.
• Queten, Narrow.
• Anqueu, Dry.
• Prequin, Bountiful.
• Buta, Great.
• Pichi, Little.
• Montingei, Fat.
• Toutau, Lean.
• Pettun, Colour’d.
• Queli, Red.
• Calbu, Blue.
• Carel, Green.
• Choot, Yellow.
• Curi, Black.
• Lye, White.
• Nilla-caju, To change.
• Illawyn, Giving.
• Tuignei, To be merry.
• Umatum, Sleeping.
• Limen, To wake out of Sleep.
• Bemgne, To Build.
• Playn, To find.
• Vangen-lyn, To lose.
• Necul, To run.
• Amon, To go.
• Utalegen, To stand.
• Jucheleyn, To lie down.
• Tecanen, To dance.
• Padenatum, To fall.
• Utalenen, To rise.
• Avinge, To sit.
• Dimgne, To speak.
• Temelenge, To be silent.
• Puronge, To Sing.
• Pylcunge, To call.
• Quipay, To come.
• Ien, To eat.
• Butum, To drink.
• Mepai, To go to Stool.
• Willam, To Urine.
• Cudepain, To play.
• Locatum, To scold.
• Mecowyn, To carry.
• Chuquin, To steal.
• Guallulueno, To restore.
• Pelteney, To pay.
• Lay, To die.
• Rengalgei, To be buried.
• Quedau capay, Working.
• Intunge millo, To dig for Gold.
• Nilla-teubyn, To sell.
• Nilla-vin, To buy.
• Quimli wi tami piel, I cannot understand you.
• Chu pipaimi, What do you?
• Champaila, Nothing.
• Juei pingeimi, What is your Name?
• Juan pingen, I am call’d John.
• Cheo ruaimi, Whither do you go?
• Moppo muruam, I go into the Countrey.
• Cheo tui mi, From whence came you?
• Miro comotoun, I came from home.
• Chumel quipai, tuai mi, When shall you come?
• Chumel pratuai mi, When shall you go?
• Ale prungi tamruca, Is your Habitation far from hence?
• Picherungei, It is hard by.
• Aleprungei, It is farther.
• Inchi quiparum camappumu, I intend to go into another Countrey.
• Chemnibla qui parui cammappumu, Why will you go into another Countrey?
• Merelya tiva mappumu, Here is no Provision.
• Aleibelay twachi tipanto, benebliaale geniep ayn, The year hath been unfruitful, and therefore we want.
• Cheo mappungen tamichau, In what Province dwells your Father?
• Alu ei ei, The Devil hath fetch’d him away.
• At eimi ruaju inchio, Will you keep him company?
• Ailan, No, I will not.
• Bien, I will.
• Chuben quecken neieimi tania, Have you any thing to give us to eat?
• Cancan achawal, Yes, I have roasted Hens.
• Mu wy, How many?
• Munalei enchintavia, There will be enough for us.
• Chuben putuayn, Where shall we Drink?
• Aile Mangunmeinis, I thank you.
• Chuben domo trivo, What Woman is this?
• Inchi tan curi, It is my Wife.
• Ni nave, My Daughter.
• Ni domo, My Concubine.
• Alei teminigei vei domo, It is a handsomWoman.
• Qua pangnei, Come hither.
• Amotunge, Run away.
• Umatuayn, Let us go to Bed.
• Utajuca, Let us rise.
• Wira cuchai compay tan mappumu, The Spaniards are fall’n into this Countrey.
• Quipa waicha laimi, Shall we Fight together?
• Waiquenagelan, I have no Arms.
• Ima en pea in Waiqui, Follow me, and I will get Arms.
• Ali teum inche, I am contented.

The Seamen who went under Hendrick Brewer’s Command, Anno 1643. from Brasile to Chili, brought the fore-mention’d Vocabulary along with them.

Chili is look’d upon as no way inferior to any Countrey in America, enjoying a wholsom Air, fruitful Soil, and abundance of Inhabitants, who often furnish Peru with Provisions; which are the speedier convey’d thither, because the South-Winds always blow along the Coast.

The Peruvian Vice-Roy keeps a Deputy to Govern here. It hath two Bishopricks, viz. St. Jago and L’ Imperial.

The Nature, Customs, and Manners of the Chileses.

Some of the Chileses are under the Spaniards Jurisdiction, and live in Huts; others being wilder, defend their Freedom with the Sword. They have great Heads and flat Noses: The Men continually pull out the Hair on their Faces and Privities with Shells, which they carry about their Necks for that purpose, having beforehand rubb’d the Hair with warm Ashes; the Hair of their Heads hanging downwards is cut close as far as their Ears, the rest growing long, is ty’d with the Ribbon Tariwelonco, to which Persons of Quality fix Silver Plates and Turkoises: Some also cover their Heads with the Skins of Weazels, or the like Beasts, putting the Head over their Foreheads, and the Tail down their Neck; which kind of Covering they call Maniewelonco: Others wear Caps made after some strange manner or other.