During 1836 great improvements were made in the appearance of the town; shops were beautified and increased in number; many of the cottages were rendered more ornamental, whilst others were constructed on modern principles, and on a moderate calculation it may be estimated that two hundred beds were added to the existing accommodation. Sir Benjamin Heywood, bart., of Claremont, purchased an extensive plot of land, now occupied by the Prince of Wales’s Market and Aquarium Buildings, on which he shortly afterwards raised a handsome marine family residence, called West Hey. Numerous and copious springs of fine fresh water were found at a depth of fifteen yards from the surface; until which fortunate discovery, water for drinking purposes had been collected in cisterns dug out of the marl. Public Baths were also erected on the beach adjoining the Lane Ends Hotel.
The following year, 1837, the Victoria Terrace and Promenade, erected at the north-west corner of Victoria Street, were completed. This block of buildings was formed of seven shops, above them being the Promenade, a room thirty-two yards long, which opened through folding windows upon a balcony six feet wide; attached to it were a news-room, library, and billiard table. The Promenade acquired its distinctive title from being first used on the 24th of May, 1837, when the Princess Victoria, the present Queen, attained her legal majority; on that day the principal inhabitants of Blackpool assembled there to celebrate the important event with a sumptuous dinner, and from the subjoined extract, taken from an account of the gathering in a public print, we learn the great estimation in which the saloon was then held:—
“ ... dinner and excellent wine provided by Mr. C. Nickson, to which fifty-two gentlemen sat down, in the splendid Promenade Room newly erected by Doctor Cocker, who was highly extolled for his taste in the architectural design and decorations of the building, which is of the chaste Doric order, and for his spirited liberality in providing the visitors of this celebrated resort with so spacious and magnificent a saloon, where, as in a common centre, they may meet each other and enjoy the social pleasures of a conversatione whenever they please; thus evincing his wish to promote a more friendly intercourse amongst the strangers collected here from all quarters of the kingdom during the summer season—this has hitherto been a desideratum at Blackpool.”
For long afterwards balls and all public meetings were held in this assembly room, which still exists in its original condition, although the other parts of the block, especially the shops, have recently been improved and beautified.
From 1837 to 1840 the progress of the place was steady, but not rapid, as compared with more recent times. In the latter year the opening of the Preston and Wyre Railway to Poulton, initiated a mode of travelling until then unknown in the Fylde district, and by its means Blackpool became nearer in point of time to Preston, Manchester, and many other large towns already possessing railway accommodation, a great accession of company being the immediate result. Omnibuses, coaches, and other carriages met every train at Poulton station, and the four miles of road were scampered over by splendid teams in less than half an hour. Then it was that the jolting, homely vehicles, and the through coaches, which had for long been the dashing wonders of the country roads, were driven off, and a greatly multiplied number of visitors brought into the town daily by the more expeditious route, at a less cost and with greater personal convenience than had been possible in earlier days. More accommodation was soon called for and as readily supplied by the spirited inhabitants, who erected numerous houses at several points, which served, at no distant period, as the nucleus for new streets and terraces. The census of the township in 1841 had risen to 2,168. In 1844 the erection and opening of a Market House, evinced the growing importance and prosperity of the watering-place; this building has lately, since 1872, been enlarged by lateral extension to quite double its original capacity, whilst the extensive unprotected area opposite, used for similar trading purposes and occupied by stalls, has been covered over with a transparent roof. Talbot Road was opened out and the lower end formed into a spacious square, (furnished with an elegant drinking fountain in 1870) by the removal of a house from its centre. These improvements were effected at the sole cost of John Talbot Clifton, esq., of Lytham, the owner of the soil. The Adelphi and Victoria Hotels, which had sprung into being, were altered and enlarged; the former by raising it a story, and the latter by the addition of a commodious dining room, two sitting rooms, and sundry bedrooms. Several spacious residences were finished on South Beach, and a handsome terrace of habitations stretching south from Dickson’s Hotel, was also erected about that time.
In 1845, several houses on a larger scale, including the Talbot Hotel, were built, and great improvements and additions made to many former establishments.
The opening of the branch line from Blackpool to join the main railroad at Poulton, on the 29th of April, 1846, gave another marked impetus to the progress of the town; by its formation direct steam communication was completed with the populous centres of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and many, who had previously been deterred from visiting Blackpool by its comparative inaccessibility, now flocked down to its shores in great numbers; building increased, and dwellings arose, chiefly on the front, and in Church and Victoria Streets.
During the ensuing year the first meeting of the Blackpool Agricultural Society was held on the grounds of a recently built inn, the Manchester Hotel, at South Shore; the attendance was both numerous and respectable, including many of the most influential gentlemen, yeomen, and farmers of the neighbourhood, and several from the remoter localities of the Fylde. Cows, horses, and pigs appear to have been the only stocks to which prizes were awarded. The first Lodge of Freemasons held their initiatory meeting in that year at the Beach Hotel, another house of entertainment which had risen shortly before, on the site of some furnished cottage facing the beach.
A new Independent Chapel was commenced in Victoria Street, to supersede the small one erected in Chapel Street in 1825; the edifice was finished and used for divine service in 1849. Serious differences seem to have arisen a few years later between the pastor of that date, the Rev. J. Noall, and a limited section of his congregation, who were anxious to deprive him of his charge, and even went so far, in 1860, as to publicly read in the chapel, after morning service, a notice convening a meeting for that purpose. This act, being repeated on the ensuing Sabbath, led to retaliation on the part of the partizans of the minister, who, unknown to that gentleman, paraded three figures, intended to represent the three principal opponents to the continuance of his pastorate, suspended from a gibbet, which had been erected in a cart, through the streets of the town, and afterwards gave them up to the flames on the sands. The Rev. J. Noall was shortly afterwards presented with a testimonial of esteem by a number of sympathisers. Schools, in connection with the chapel, were built in 1870.
Two years subsequently, the watering-place had grown, without the fostering care of a public governing body, into a large and prosperous town, boasting a resident population of over two thousand persons, but this very increase and popularity had rendered it impossible for private enterprise to provide the requisite comforts and conveniences for such a mixture of classes as visited it during the summer. Acting under this necessity and for the welfare of the resort a Local Board was formed, composed of gentlemen elected from amongst inhabitants, into whose hands was entrusted the government and regulation of all matters connected with the place. An accession of power was sought in 1853, and on Tuesday, the 14th of June, the Blackpool Improvement Act received the royal assent. The Board originally consisted of nine members, but in 1871 the number was increased to eighteen.