| CHAP. | PAGE | |
|---|---|---|
| INTRODUCTION, | [1] | |
| I. | PLANS OF STUDYING, | [6] |
| II. | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, | [13] |
| III. | ENGINEERING AS A CALLING, | [17] |
| IV. | THE CONDITIONS OF APPRENTICESHIP, | [18] |
| V. | THE OBJECT OF MECHANICAL INDUSTRY, | [25] |
| VI. | ON THE NATURE AND OBJECTS OF MACHINERY, | [28] |
| VII. | MOTIVE MACHINERY, | [29] |
| VIII. | WATER POWER, | [35] |
| IX. | WIND POWER, | [41] |
| X. | MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER, | [42] |
| XI. | SHAFTS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER, | [44] |
| XII. | BELTS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER, | [48] |
| XIII. | GEARING AS A MEANS OF TRANSMITTING POWER, | [51] |
| XIV. | HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER, | [53] |
| XV. | PNEUMATIC MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING POWER, | [55] |
| XVI. | MACHINERY OF APPLICATION, | [57] |
| XVII. | MACHINERY FOR MOVING AND HANDLING MATERIAL, | [60] |
| XVIII. | MACHINE COMBINATION, | [67] |
| XIX. | THE ARRANGEMENT OF ENGINEERING ESTABLISHMENTS, | [71] |
| XX. | GENERALISATION OF SHOP PROCESSES, | [74] |
| XXI. | MECHANICAL DRAWING, | [78] |
| XXII. | PATTERN MAKING AND CASTING, | [90] |
| XXIII. | FORGING, | [100] |
| XXIV. | TRIP-HAMMERS, | [106] |
| XXV. | CRANK-HAMMERS, | [108] |
| XXVI. | STEAM-HAMMERS, | [109] |
| XXVII. | COMPOUND HAMMERS, | [112] |
| XXVIII. | TEMPERING STEEL, | [114] |
| XXIX. | FITTING AND FINISHING, | [118] |
| XXX. | TURNING LATHES, | [121] |
| XXXI. | PLANING OR RECIPROCATING MACHINES, | [128] |
| XXXII. | SLOTTING MACHINES, | [134] |
| XXXIII. | SHAPING MACHINES, | [135] |
| XXXIV. | BORING AND DRILLING, | [136] |
| XXXV. | MILLING, | [140] |
| XXXVI. | SCREW-CUTTING, | [143] |
| XXXVII. | STANDARD MEASURES, | [145] |
| XXXVIII. | GAUGING IMPLEMENTS, | [147] |
| XXXIX. | DESIGNING MACHINES, | [152] |
| XL. | INVENTION, | [159] |
| XLI. | WORKSHOP EXPERIENCE, | [165] |
THE ECONOMY
OF
WORKSHOP MANIPULATION.
INTRODUCTION.
In adding another to the large number of books which treat upon Mechanics, and especially of that class devoted to what is called Mechanical Engineering, it will be proper to explain some of the reasons for preparing the present work; and as these explanations will constitute a part of the work itself, and be directed to a subject of some interest to a learner, they are included in the Introduction.
First I will notice that among our many books upon mechanical subjects there are none that seem to be directed to the instruction of apprentice engineers; at least, there are none directed to that part of a mechanical education most difficult to acquire, a power of analysing and deducing conclusions from commonplace matters.
Our text-books, such as are available for apprentices, consist mainly of mathematical formulæ relating to forces, the properties of material, examples of practice, and so on, but do not deal with the operation of machines nor with constructive manipulation, leaving out that most important part of a mechanical education, which consists in special as distinguished from general knowledge.
The theorems, formulæ, constants, tables, and rules, which are generally termed the principles of mechanics, are in a sense only symbols of principles; and it is possible, as many facts will prove, for a learner to master the theories and symbols of mechanical principles, and yet not be able to turn such knowledge to practical account.
A principle in mechanics may be known, and even familiar to a learner, without being logically understood; it might even be said that both theory and practice may be learned without the power to connect and apply the two things. A person may, for example, understand the geometry of tooth gearing and how to lay out teeth of the proper form for various kinds of wheels, how to proportion and arrange the spokes, rims, hubs, and so on; he may also understand the practical application of wheels as a means of varying or transmitting motion, but between this knowledge and a complete wheel lies a long train of intricate processes, such as pattern-making, moulding, casting, boring, and fitting. Farther on comes other conditions connected with the operation of wheels, such as adaptation, wear, noise, accidental strains, with many other things equally as important, as epicycloidal curves or other geometrical problems relating to wheels.