SECTION IV.

OF TRUTH OF EARTH.

Chapter I.—Of General Structure.

[§ 1.]First laws of the organization of the earth, and their importance in art.[270]
[§ 2.]The slight attention ordinarily paid to them. Their careful study by modern artists.[271]
[§ 3.]General structure of the earth. The hills are its action, the plains its rest.[271]
[§ 4.]Mountains come out from underneath the plains, and are their support.[272]
[§ 5.]Structure of the plains themselves. Their perfect level, when deposited by quiet water.[273]
[§ 6.]Illustrated by Turner's Marengo.[273]
[§ 7.]General divisions of formation resulting from this arrangement. Plan of investigation.[274]

Chapter II.—Of the Central Mountains.

[§ 1.]Similar character of the central peaks in all parts of the world.[275]
[§ 2.]Their arrangements in pyramids or wedges, divided by vertical fissures.[275]
[§ 3.]Causing groups of rock resembling an artichoke or rose.[276]
[§ 4.]The faithful statement of these facts by Turner in his Alps at Daybreak.[276]
[§ 5.]Vignette of the Andes and others.[277]
[§ 6.]Necessary distance, and consequent aerial effect on all such mountains.[277]
[§ 7.]Total want of any rendering of their phenomena in ancient art.[278]
[§ 8.]Character of the representations of Alps in the distances of Claude.[278]
[§ 9.]Their total want of magnitude and aerial distance.[279]
[§ 10.]And violation of specific form.[280]
[§ 11.]Even in his best works.[280]
[§ 12.]Farther illustration of the distant character of mountain chains.[281]
[§ 13.]Their excessive appearance of transparency.[281]
[§ 14.]Illustrated from the works of Turner and Stanfield. The Borromean Islands of the latter.[282]
[§ 15.]Turner's Arona.[283]
[§ 16.]Extreme distance of large objects always characterized by very sharp outline.[283]
[§ 17.]Want of this decision in Claude.[284]
[§ 18.]The perpetual rendering of it by Turner.[285]
[§ 19.]Effects of snow, how imperfectly studied.[285]
[§ 20.]General principles of its forms on the Alps.[287]
[§ 21.]Average paintings of Switzerland. Its real spirit has scarcely yet been caught.[289]