PART III.
RIVER LIFE.

CONTENTS.

PART I.

TREES OF AMERICA.

CHAPTER I.
Trees, how regarded by Lumbermen.‌—‌Cedars of Lebanon.‌—‌Oldest Treeon Record.‌—‌Napoleon's Regard for it.‌—‌Dimensions.‌—‌Durability of theCedar, how accounted for.‌—‌The Oak.‌—‌Religious Veneration in whichit was held by the Druids.‌—‌The Uses to which their Shade wasappropriated.‌—‌Curious Valuation of Oak Forests by the AncientSaxons.‌—‌The Number of Species.‌—‌Its Value.‌—‌Remarkable old Oak inBrighton.‌—‌Charter Oak.‌—‌Button-wood Tree.‌—‌Remarkable Rapidity ofits Growth.‌—‌Remarkable Size of one measured by Washington.‌—‌byMichaux.‌—‌Disease in 1842, '43, and '44.‌—‌The Oriental Plane-tree‌—‌Great Favorite with the Ancients.‌—‌Cimon's Effort to gratifythe Athenians.‌—‌Pliny's Account of its Transportation.‌—‌ThePrivilege of its Shade a Tax.‌—‌Used as an Ornament.‌—‌Nourished withWine.‌—‌Hortensius and Cicero.‌—‌Pliny's curious Account of one ofremarkable Size[13]
CHAPTER II.
The Elm.‌—‌English Elm.‌—‌Scotch Elm.‌—‌Slippery Elm.‌—‌AmericanElm.‌—‌Superiority of latter.‌—‌Different Shapes, how accountedfor.‌—‌Great Elm on Boston Common.‌—‌Rapidity of Growth.‌—‌The RidingStick.‌—‌Remarkable Dimensions of noted Trees.‌—‌Boston Elm again.‌—‌Its Age.‌—‌By whom set out.‌—‌Washington Elm, why so named.‌—‌"Treesof Peace," a Tribute of Respect.‌—‌English Elm in England andAmerica.‌—‌Uses in France.‌—‌In Russia.‌—‌Birch Family.‌—‌Its Variety andUses.‌—‌The Maple Family.‌—‌Number of Species.‌—‌Red Maple.‌—‌UnrivaledBeauty of American Forests.‌—‌Rock Maple.‌—‌Amount of Wood cut from onein Blandford.‌—‌Curious method of distinguishing it from the RiverMaple.‌—‌Amount and Value of the Sugar in Massachusetts.‌—‌GreatProduct from one Tree.‌—‌Sugar Maple in the State of Maine.‌—‌Dr.Jackson's Reports, &c.[19]
CHAPTER III.
Beech-trees.‌—‌Purity, Size, Fruit.‌—‌Efforts of Bears after theNut.‌—‌The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.‌—‌Mr. Lauder'sTestimony, &c.‌—‌Use of Wood.‌—‌Singular Exemption.‌—‌The novelAppearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.‌—‌Chestnut-tree‌—‌Remarkable one on Mount Ætna.‌—‌Balm of Gilead.‌—‌Willow.‌—‌Ash.‌—‌Basswood, or Tiel-tree.‌—‌The Poplar.‌—‌The Hemlock.‌—‌Beauties ofits Foliage.‌—‌Uses.‌—‌Hickory.‌—‌The Fir-tree.‌—‌Spruce-tree.‌—‌Itsconical Form.‌—‌Uses.‌—‌American Larch.‌—‌Success of the Dukes ofAthol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland[28]

PART II.

THE PINE-TREE, OR FOREST LIFE.

CHAPTER I.
The Pines.‌—‌White Pines: rank claimed for this Variety.‌—‌Predilections.‌—‌Comparison instituted.‌—‌Pitch and Norway Pines.‌—‌White Pine.‌—‌Magnitude.‌—‌New York Pines.‌—‌Lambert's Pine on Northwest Coast.‌—‌Varieties.‌—‌Its Rank.‌—‌Great variety of purposes to which it isdevoted.‌—‌Great Pine near Jackson Lake.‌—‌Capital Invested.‌—‌Handsemployed on the Penobscot[37]
CHAPTER II.
The Pine twenty-five Years ago.‌—‌Its rapidDisappearance.‌—‌Explorations.‌—‌Outfit.‌—‌Up-river Journeying.‌—‌ItsDistance.‌—‌Mode of Nightly Encampment.‌—‌Cooking.‌—‌Disturbed Slumbers.‌—‌Ludicrous Fright.‌—‌Deer.‌—‌Encounter with Bears.‌—‌Mode of Exploring.‌—‌Forest Observatory.‌—‌Climbing Trees.‌—‌The Emotions excited bythe View.‌—‌Necessity of Compass.‌—‌Nature's Compass.‌—‌The Return.‌—‌Annoyances from mischievous Bears.‌—‌Stumpage.‌—‌Permits.‌—‌Outfitand Return.‌—‌Crossing Carrying-places.‌—‌A Strong Man.‌—‌Skill ofBoatmen.‌—‌Item of personal Experience.‌—‌Blind Path.‌—‌A Family inthe Wilderness.‌—‌Things to be considered in locating Camps[44]
CHAPTER III.
Method of constructing Camp andHovel.‌—‌Timber.‌—‌Covering.‌—‌Arrangement of Interior.‌—‌The Bed.‌—‌Deacon Seat.‌—‌Ingenious Method of making a Seat.‌—‌Cooking: superiorMethod of Baking.‌—‌The nightly Camp Fire.‌—‌Liabilities from takingFire.‌—‌A Camp consumed.‌—‌Men burned to Death.‌—‌Enjoyment.‌—‌The newCamp: Dedication.‌—‌A Song.‌—‌A Story.‌—‌New Order in Architecture.‌—‌Ox Hovel.‌—‌Substitute for Lime.‌—‌The Devotedness of the Teamster.‌—‌Fat and lean Cattle.‌—‌Swamping Roads.‌—‌Clumps of Pine.‌—‌The pointsof Interest in a Logging Road.‌—‌The Teamster's Path.‌—‌Regret.‌—‌Thepeculiar Enjoyment of Men thus engaged[65]
CHAPTER IV.
Tokens of Winter.‌—‌The Anticipation.‌—‌Introduction of Team.‌—‌Difficulties attending it.‌—‌Uncomfortable Boating.‌—‌The Contrast.‌—‌Method of crossing Streams and Rivers.‌—‌The Docility of the Ox.‌—‌Facilities of Turnpikes.‌—‌Stopping-places.‌—‌Arrival.‌—‌AnAdventure.‌—‌Ten Oxen in the Ice.‌—‌Method of taking them Out.‌—‌Anuncomfortable Night.‌—‌The midnight Excursion.‌—‌Oxen running at largein the Wilderness.‌—‌Developments of Memory.‌—‌Logging.‌—‌Division ofLabor.‌—‌How to manage in the absence of a Cook.‌—‌"Uncle Nat."‌—‌Anecdote.‌—‌Felling Pines.‌—‌Ingenuity of Choppers.‌—‌PreparatoryArrangements.‌—‌The Bob-sled.‌—‌Method of Operation described.‌—‌The Excitement.‌—‌Comparison.‌—‌Immediate Length of Pine-trees.‌—‌Conclusion[83]
CHAPTER V.
The Skill and Enterprise of Lumbermen.‌—‌Method of taking Logs downHills and Mountains.‌—‌Dry Sluice.‌—‌Stern Anchor.‌—‌Giant MountainSteps.‌—‌Alpine Lumbering.‌—‌Warping a Team down Steeps.‌—‌Trial ofSkill and Strength.‌—‌The rival Load.‌—‌Danger and Inconvenience ofHills in Logging Roads.‌—‌A distressing Accident.‌—‌Solemn Conclusionof a Winter's Work.‌—‌Some of the Perils attendant upon Lumbering.‌—‌A fearful Wound.‌—‌Narrow Escape.‌—‌The buried Cap.‌—‌The safest Wayof Retreat.‌—‌A Sabbath in the Logging Camp.‌—‌Sunday MorningNaps.‌—‌Domestic Camp Duties.‌—‌Letter Writing.‌—‌Recreations.‌—‌SableTraps.‌—‌Deer and Moose.‌—‌Bear Meat.‌—‌A rare Joke.‌—‌Moose Hunt.‌—‌Bewildered Hunters.‌—‌Extraordinary Encounter.‌—‌Conclusion ofSabbath in the Woods[100]
CHAPTER VI.
Camp Life.‌—‌Winter Evenings.‌—‌An Evening in Camp.‌—‌Characters.‌—‌Card-playing.‌—‌A Song.‌—‌Collision with wild Beasts.‌—‌The unknownAnimal in a Dilemma.‌—‌"Indian Devil."‌—‌The Aborigines' Terror.‌—‌Ashocking Encounter.‌—‌The Discovery and Pursuit.‌—‌The Bear as anAntagonist.‌—‌Their thieving Propensities.‌—‌A thrilling Scene in theNight.‌—‌A desperate Encounter with three Bears[129]
CHAPTER VII.
Provision Teams.‌—‌Liabilities.‌—‌A Night in the Woods.‌—‌Travelingon Ice.‌—‌A Span of Horses lost.‌—‌Pat's Adventure.‌—‌Drogers' Caravan.‌—‌Horses in the Water.‌—‌Recovery of a sunken Load.‌—‌ReturningVolunteers from Aroostook.‌—‌Description of a Log Tavern.‌—‌Perilson Lakes in Snow-storms.‌—‌Camping at Night.‌—‌Rude Ferry-boats[142]