[4]. ll. 470–475 are taken from “Phædo,” 81: “And this corporeal element, my friend, is heavy and weighty and earthy, and is that element of sight by which a soul is depressed and dragged down again into the visible world, because she is afraid of the invisible and of the world below—prowling about tombs and sepulchres, near which, as they tell us, are seen certain ghostly apparitions of souls which have not departed pure, but are cloyed with sight, and therefore visible.”
[5]. Lib. 3. fol. 313 recto.
[6]. Besides paraphrasing “Phædo,” 110–111 in ll. 111–136, Drummond repeats the argument given in that dialogue to prove the probable existence of such a world. Cf. ll. 141–170 with “Phædo,” 109.—“But we who live in these hollows [of earth] are deceived into the notion that we are dwelling on the surface of the earth; which is just as if a creature who was at the bottom of the sea were to fancy that he was on the surface of the water and that the sea was the heaven through which he saw the sun and the other stars, he having never come to the surface by reason of his feebleness and sluggishness, and having never lifted up his head and seen, nor ever heard from one who had seen, how much purer and fairer the world above is than his own.... [But] if any man could arrive at the exterior limit [of the atmosphere], or take the wings of a bird and come to the top, then like a fish who puts his head out of water and sees this world, he would see a world beyond.”
[7]. This idea of catching the truth of a thing at two removes and the reference to a true and painted chair are reminiscences of Plato’s discussion of imitative art, and his figure of the three beds. (“Republic” X, 597–599.)
[8]. “Puritan and Anglican Studies,” Edward Dowden, pp. 29–30.
[9]. Walton, “Life of Herbert,” pp. 386, 396.
[10]. Poems of Shakespeare. Ed. George Wyndham, p. cxxii.
[11]. “Poems of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,” ed. John Churton Collins, p. 24.
[12]. Howell’s “Letters,” Bk. I, sect. 6, let. XV.
[13]. “Lustra Ludovicii,” p. 26. London, 1646.