On chloroform and other anæsthetics: their action and administration

by John Snow

On June 25th, I administered the preparation with the chloroform inhaler, as in all the other cases, to a muscular young man, about 25, whilst Mr. Henry Lee removed some piles, and applied nitric acid to the raw surface. The patient was six feet three inches in height, and weighed fourteen stone. He became insensible rather slowly, with low muttering and a good deal of rigidity. The operation lasted about ten minutes, during which the inhalation was repeated two or three times. There was no pain. He recovered his consciousness in two or three minutes after the conclusion of the operation; he said that he felt drunk, and he appeared so for a few minutes. He was very cheerful, and had no sickness, although he had had his dinner just before coming to the hospital to have the operation performed. Half a fluid ounce of the monochlorurretted compound was inhaled, being about the same quantity as would have been consumed of chloroform.

The other operations in which I administered this preparation, consisted of the removal of a tumour situated below the angle of the jaw in a young woman, by Mr. Fergusson; an operation on the tibia and fibula of a little boy, for ununited fracture, by Mr. Bowman; trephining the tibia of a young man, and giving exit to a collection of pus, by Mr. Henry Lee; an operation for necrosis of the tibia, by the late Mr. Avery; two operations for hare-lip; two operations for fistula in ano; one for nævus on the forehead; one for tenotomy; and one for removal of a fatty tumour, by Mr. Fergusson.[^[181]]

THE END.

INDEX.

• A.
• Absorption of vapours by fluids, [59]
• —— —— —— by the lungs, formula of, [59]
• Academy of Medicine of Paris, reports by, [132]–4
• Accidents from chloroform, treatment and prevention of, [248]–62
• Age, influence of, on effects of chloroform, [49], [50]
• Age in fatal cases from chloroform, [230]–1;
  • from amylene, [401]–2
• Air, saturation of, with chloroform vapour, [68], [123];
  • with amylene, [376]
• —— amount of, in lungs, [108]
• —— respired during chloroform, [108]
• Allen, Mr., on a fatal case from chloroform, [195]–6
• Alleged fatal cases from chloroform, [201]–12
• Ammonia, use of, after chloroform, [104]
• —— use of, during accidents from chloroform, [258]
• Amputations under chloroform of thigh, [276]–7;
  • of leg, [277];
  • of arm, [277]–8;
  • of the ankle, [278];
  • of other parts, ib.
• Amylene, first application of, by author, [23]
• —— applications of, in Paris, Strasbourg, and Lyons, [24]
• —— discovery of, [372];
  • preparation of, ib.
• —— chemical and physical characters of, [373]–7
• —— volatility of different specimens of, [416]
• —— experiments with, [378]–86
• —— administration of, for operations, [386], [400]
• —— administration of, in parturition, [394]–7
• —— mode of administration of, [386]–7, [405]–6, [416]
• —— symptoms produced by, [399], [400]
• —— spasms and rigidity from, [401]–2
• —— does not produce vomiting, [406]–7
• —— effects of, on different persons, [401]–2
• —— effects of, on author, [384]
• —— amount of, required to produce insensibility, [384]
• —— effects of, on the heart, [384]
• —— time of inhalation of, to produce insensibility, [397]
• —— effects of, on consciousness, [398]–403
• —— promptitude of action of, [403]
• —— effects of, on respiration and circulation, [400]
• —— —— —— on the salivary glands, [400]
• —— chloroform, and sulphuric ether, effects of, compared, [403]–5
• —— after-effects of, [406]–7
• —— fatal cases from inhalation of, [408]–16
• —— amount of vapour of, inhaled in fatal cases, [415]
• Amylene, author’s prediction regarding safety of, [417]
• —— mode of administration of, by M. Rigaud, [417]–18
• —— Mr. Clarke’s remarks on, [418];
• —— Dr. Debout’s remarks on, ib.
• —— Professor Tourdes’ remarks on, ib.
• —— author’s computation of safety of, ib.
• —— M. Giraldis on use of, [419]
• —— M. Jobert de Lamballe on use of, ib.
• Anæsthesia, modes of production of, [40]–1
• Anæsthetics, definition of, [34]–5
• Ancients, views of the, [3]
• Animals, various, experiments on, with narcotic vapours, [60] to 73
• Anus, operations on, under chloroform, [307], [308]–9
• Animation suspended by chloroform, treatment of, [251]–62
• Apuleius on effects of mandragora, [2]
• Apoplexy, administration of chloroform after, [57]
• Aretæus’ description of mandragora, [3]
• Arnott, Dr. James, statistics of operations before and after introduction of etherisation, [265]–7
• —— on pyæmia following chloroform, [267]
• Arteries, coronary, circulation of the, [262]
• Artificial respiration, value of, [121], [251]–7, [260]
• —— —— applied in cases of death from chloroform, [139], [144], [151], [156], [159], [163], [166], [167]–8, [173], [179], [181], [183], [185], [187]–8, [190]–1, [194], [196]–7, [207], [210]
• Artificial respiration applied in case of death from amylene, [410]–413
• Arteries, ligature of, under chloroform, [289]–291
• Aschendorf, Dr., on alleged fatal case from chloroform, [204]–5
• Asphyxia idiopathica, [226]
• Asphyxia, death from, [235]
• Asthma, treatment of, with chloroform, [331]
• Athletics least susceptible of chloroform, [50]
• Augustus of Poland, operation on, without pain, [8]
• Aurelianus Cælius on mandragora, [3]
• B.
• Balard, Professor, discovery of amylene, [372]
• Balloon for inhalation of chloroform, [80]
• Barlow, Mr. W. F., report on case of alleged death from chloroform, [208]
• Barrière, M., case of alleged death from ether, [364]
• Bath warm, use of, in fatal case from chloroform, [159]
• Beddoes, Dr., administration of gases in disease, [14]
• —— —— his pneumatic institution at Bristol, ib.
• Bell, Mr. Jacob, on chloric ether, [20]
• Belladonna, effects of, [4]
• Berthé, M., discovery of amylene, [378]
• Bickersteth, Mr., on supposed effect of surgeon’s knife on pulse, [240]–3
• —— —— on the pulse during inhalation of chloroform, [249]–50
• —— —— cases of resuscitation from over effects of chloroform, [253]–6
• Bigelow, Dr., use of sulphuric ether as an anæsthetic, [18]
• —— —— administration of chloric ether by, [20]
• Birds quickly affected by chloroform, [70]
• Black, Dr. Patrick, on asphyxia and syncope, [222]
• —— —— on closure of the glottis by chloroform, [236]
• —— —— on modes of inhaling chloroform, [236]–7
• Blood, serum of, absorption of chloroform by, [69]
• —— absorption of amylene by, [382]–4
• —— quantity of, in body, [73];
  • amount of serum, [74]
• —— chemical examination of, in alleged case of death from chloroform, [211]
• —— condition of, after death from chloroform, [247]
• —— saturation of, with ether, [354]–5
• Blood-letting in accidents from chloroform, [261]
• —— from external jugular, tried in case of death from chloroform, [151], [159], [168], [174]
• Body, temperature of, falls under chloroform, [70]
• Bolton, Mr. Andrew, case of puerperal convulsions treated with chloroform, [338]
• Bone, removal of tumours of, under chloroform, [291]
• Boot, Dr., first operation in England without pain, [18]
• Bouisson, M., on a case of supposed death from ether, [369]
• Bowman, Professor, removal of pus from frontal sinus after inhalation by chloroform, [302]
• Breathing modified by chloroform vapour, [69], [70]
• —— conditions of, under chloroform, [89], [90], [91], [92]
• Breast, tumours of, removal under chloroform, [285]–7
• Breton, supposed death of, from chloroform, [199]–200
• Brodie, Sir Benjamin, on use of chloroform in lithotrity, [274]
• Buck, Mr. Gurdon, report of death from chloroform by, [136]–8
• Bullock, Mr. Lloyd, manufacture of amylene by, [374]–8
• Bursa, the, operations on, under chloroform, [311]
• C.
• Cahours, M. Auguste, invention of name of amylene, [372]
• Cancer of the lip, operation for, under chloroform, [294]
• Cases dangerous from chloroform, [258]–60
• —— of death from chloroform during labour, from neglect, [328]
• Cases, fatal, from inhalation of chloroform, [120]–200
• Case 1, of Hannah Greener, Winlaton, Newcastle, [123]–7;
  • 2, of Martha G. Simmons, Cincinnati, [127]–30;
  • 3, of Patrick Coyle, [130]–1;
  • 4, of Mdlle. Stock, Boulogne, [131]–5;
  • 5, of a woman at Hyderabad, [135];
  • 6, of Charles Desnoyers, Hôtel-Dieu, Lyons, [135]–6;
  • 7, of a young gentleman at Govan, [136];
  • 8, of John Griffith, New York, Hospital, [136]–8;
  • 9, of J. Verrier, Hôtel-Dieu, Lyons, [138]–141;
  • 10, of Samuel Bennett, Westminster, [141]–2;
  • 11, of Mdlle. Labrune, at Langres, [142]–3;
  • 12, of John Shorter, St. Thomas’s Hospital, [143]–5;
  • 13, of Mrs. Jones, at Shrewsbury, [145]–6;
  • 14, at Berlin, [146];
  • 15, of William Bryan, Kingston, Jamaica, [147];
  • 16, of an artilleryman, Mauritius, [147]–8;
  • 17, at Seraphim Hospital, Stockholm, [148]–50;
  • 18, of a boy of seven, Glasgow Infirmary, [150]–1;
  • 19, of Alexander Scott, Guy’s Hospital, [151]–2;
  • 20, of James Jones, Cavan Infirmary, [152]–3;
  • 21, of John Holden, Stepney Workhouse, [153]–5;
  • 22, of Mdme. Simon, Strasbourg, [154]–5;
  • 23, at Seaman’s Hospital, Greenwich, [155]–7;
  • 24, of Elizabeth Hollis, Chipping Norton, [157]–8;
  • 25, of Thomas Hayward, of Bartholomew’s Hospital, [158]–61;
  • 26, of Mdme. W., at Ulm, [161];
  • 27, of Mr. John Atkinson, Melbourne, [162];
  • 28, of Mr. Martin, at Melrose, [162]–3;
  • 29, of Henry Hollingsworth, Manchester Royal Infirmary, [163]–4;
  • 30, of Caroline Baker, of University College Hospital, [165];
  • 31, of a French soldier, Hôtel
• Dieu., d’Orléans, [165]–6;
  • 32, of John Mitchell, at Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, [166]–70;
  • 33, of E. R., at University College Hospital, [170]–2;
  • 34, of Ann Smith, at St. Bartholomew’s, [172]–4;
  • 35, of a young man in Vienna, [174];
  • 36, of a young girl at Neustedt, [174]–5;
  • 37, of Jane Morgan, Bristol Infirmary, [175]–6;
  • 38, of a woman, Hôpital St. Antoine, [176]–7;
  • 39, of Mrs. Harrup, Sheffield, [177]–8;
  • 40, of Walter Hollis, Lock Hospital, [178]–80;
  • 41, of a man, at Middlesex Hospital, [180]–2;
  • 42, of George Sands, University College Hospital, [182]–4;
  • 43, of a woman, in Guy’s Hospital, [185]–7;
  • 44, of John Cannon, Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, [187]–8;
  • 45, of a lady, London, [188]–9;
  • 46, of Mrs. H., Edinburgh, [189]–90;
  • 47, of a sailor, St. Thomas’s Hospital, [190]–2;
  • 48, of a boy, recorded by Mr. Paget, [192]–4;
  • 49, of a man, Liverpool Infirmary, [195]–6;
  • 50, of Ann Stoner, King’s College Hospital, [196]–9;
  • cases, supposed, of death from chloroform, [199], [200];
  • case, fatal, during labour from neglect, [328]
• Cases, alleged fatal, from inhalation of chloroform, [201]–12;
  • of Mr. Walter Badger, [201];
  • case reported by M. Malgaigne, [204];
  • of a woman, in Paris, ib.;
  • of a child, in the hospital, Madrid, ib.;
  • of a child, by Dr. Aschendorf, [204]–5;
  • case by the author, [205]–9;
  • case at St. George’s Hospital, [209]–12
• Cases, alleged fatal, from ether, [362]–8
• —— medical, inhalation of chloroform in, [329]–44.
  • See Medical Cases
• —— surgical, use of chloroform in different kinds of, [271]–318.
  • See Operations
• —— fatal, from inhalation of amylene, [408]–16
• Cats, experiments on, with chloroform, [61], [66], [109], [110], [111]
• Cat, experiment on, with amylene, [380]–1
• Cataract, operations for, under chloroform, [296]
• Cause and prevention of death from chloroform, [107]–120
• Causes, supposed, of death from chloroform, [228]–45.
  • See Death
• Cerebral diseases and chloroform, [56]
• —— —— treated by chloroform, [56]–7
• Chaffinch, experiments on, with chloroform, [73]
• Charrière, M., inhaler for chloroform by, [85]
• Chassaignac, M., on tolerance of chloroform, [92]
• Chevalier, M., on asphyxia idiopathica, [226]
• Chinese, use of Indian hemp by, [5]
• Chloroform, first experiments with, by Glover, [112];
  • first experiments with, by Flourens, [21]
• —— recommended by Dr. Simpson, [21]
• —— rapid introduction of, [22]
• —— first death from, [22]
• —— disused in Boston, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, Naples, and Lyons, [23]
• —— history and composition of, [27]
• —— analysed by M. Soubeiran, and named bichloric ether, [27]
• —— examined by Liebig, and named liquid chloride of carbon, [27]
• —— examined by Dumas, and named chloroform, [27]
• —— called chloroformyl in London Pharmacopœia, [28]
• —— mode of preparation of, [28]–9
• —— chemical and physical properties of, [29]–30
• —— adulterations of, [30]–2
• —— effects of, mixed with alcohol, [31]
• Chloroform, how to be preserved, [32]
• —— properties of vapour of, [32]
• —— quantity of vapour of, taken up by air at various temperatures, [33], [68]
• —— effects of inhalation of vapour of, at different temperatures, [34]
• —— physiological effects of, [34]
• —— a narcotico-irritant, [34]
• —— degrees of narcotism from, [35]–43
• —— symptoms during first degree, [35]–37;
  • second degree, [37]–38;
  • third degree, [38]–42;
  • fourth and fifth degrees, [42]–43
• —— effects on the heart of a sudden overdose of, [43]
• —— produces post-mortem rigidity, [43]
• —— effects of, on pulse, [43], [44], [77], [89]
• —— action of, on the nervous system, [44]–45
• —— effects of, during an operation, [45]
• —— varying effects of, on patients, [45]–8
• —— circumstances which influence or modify its effects, [48]
• —— influence of age in modifying effects of, [49]–50
• —— effects of, as regards strength or debility, [50]
• —— effects when given slowly, [50]
• —— effects of, in hysteria, [50]–2
• —— effects of, in epilepsy, [52]
• —— effects of, during menstrual period, [53]
• —— effects of, during pregnancy, [53]
• —— effects of, in cases of disease of the lungs, [53]–4
• —— effects of, in case of phthisis described, [53]–54
• —— effects of, in cases of heart disease, [54]–56
• —— effects of, in cerebral disease, [56]–57
• —— effects of, on the insane, [57]
• —— effects of, on hard drinkers, [57]–58
• —— amount of vapour of, absorbed to cause the various degrees of narcotism, [58]–74
• —— is absorbed into the circulation during inhalation, [58]
• —— is exhaled in the secretions, [58]
• —— experiments on inhalation of, [59]–74.
  • See Experiments
• —— absorption of, by blood serum, [69]
• —— proportion of, required to arrest respiration, [69], [70], [74], [115], [116]
• —— action of, on frogs, [71]–73
• —— action of, on chaffinch, [73]
• —— action of, on animals of warm and cold blood, [70]–73
• —— preparations for administering the, [74]
• —— should not be administered after a meal, [74]
• —— vomiting in relation to administration of, [74]–75
• —— position of patient during inhalation of, [75]
• —— fears regarding the, [76]–77
• —— and fear, relative effects of, [77]
• —— removes fear as it destroys consciousness, [77]
• —— prevents syncope from fear, [77]–78
• —— mode of administering the, [78]
• —— amount of, required to produce insensibility, [78], [107]
• —— Dr. Simpson’s administration of the, [78]
• —— objections to administration of, on handkerchief, [78]–79
• —— may cause death without producing insensibility, [79], [133]
• Chloroform, effects of, not modified by idiosyncracies, [79]
• —— inhaled from a balloon, [80]
• —— inhaler for, the author’s, described, [81]–84
• —— diagram of, [82]
• —— amount of, used for inhalation, [84]
• —— how to be administered with inhaler, [86]
• —— use of, in obstetric cases, [87]
• —— use of, in surgical operations, [87]
• —— signs of insensibility from, [87]
• —— effects of, eyelid test, [88]
• —— effect of, on breathing, [89]–93
• —— effect of, on pupil, [93]–94, [158]
• —— on position of the eyes, [94]
• —— accumulation of, in lungs, [91]
• —— rigidity and struggling under, to be subdued by continued inhalation, [91], [92], [93]
• —— on tolerance of, M. Chassaignac, [92]
• —— how long to be inhaled by patients of different ages, [94]
• —— always takes effect, [95]–96
• —— repetition of, during operations, [97]
• —— recovery from, [97]–100
• —— sequelæ of inhalation of, [100]–107
• —— cause and prevention of death from, [107]–120
• —— effect of prolonged inhalation of, [109]
• —— experiments illustrating mode of dying from, [109]–120
• —— paralyzing effects on the heart from large doses of, [112]
• —— fatal cases of inhalation from, [120]–200
• —— alleged cases of death from inhalation of, [201]–212
• —— danger of rapid inhalation of, [126], [127]
• —— the mode of administration of, in fatal cases from, [124], [127], [130], [131], [135], [137], [138], [142], [143], [144]–5, [146], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [153], [154], [155], [158]–9, [161], [162], [164], [165]–6, [167], [170], [172], [174], [176], [177], [178], [180], [183]–4, [185], [187], [189], [190]–1, [193], [195], [197]
• —— mode of inhalation of, in alleged cases of death from, [201], [205], [207], [209]–10
• —— symptoms in the fatal cases of inhalation of, [212]–17
• —— mode of death in accidents from, [217]
• —— table of fatal cases of inhalation of, [218]–22
• —— supposed causes of death from, [228]–45,
  • see Death
• —— state of the chief organs after death from, [245]–8
• —— further remarks on the prevention of accidents from, [248]–51
• —— rules in administration of, [250]–1
• —— treatment of suspended animation from, [251]–62
• —— the effect of, on the results of operations, [263]–70
• —— benefits conferred by, in operations, [263]–4
• —— administration of, in the different kinds of operations, [271]–318,
  • see Operations
• —— in parturition, [318]–29
• —— introduced by Dr. Simpson into obstetric practice, [318]
• —— need not produce unconsciousness during labour, [318]
• —— cases of labour in which it may be employed, [319]–20
• —— period for its administration in labour, [320]
• —— mode of administration in labour, [320]–21
• —— does not influence the duration of labour, [323]
• Chloroform, its use in operations during labour, [324]–6
• —— its use in peculiar cases of labour, [327]–8
• —— death from, by neglect during labour, [328]
• —— in relation to puerperal convulsions, [329]
• —— inhalation of, in medical cases, [329]–44
• —— frequent and long continued use of, [343]–4
• —— and ether, analogous action of, [349]
• —— and ether, combination of, [369]–79
• —— sulphuric ether, and amylene, effects of, compared, [403]–5
• Chowne, Dr., cases of hysteria treated with chloroform, [339]–41
• Circumstances which influence or modify the effects of chloroform, [48]
• Clarke, Mr., on amylene, [418]
• Clement, Mr., on case of death from chloroform, [145]–6
• Clover, Mr., his mode of administering chloroform, [184]
• Cockle, Dr., on the circulation in the coronary arteries, [262]
• Cocks, Mr. W. G. H., on treatment of laryngismus stridulus with chloroform, [332]
• Colston, Mr. G. Q., administration of nitrous oxyde by, [14]–15
• Combination of chloroform and ether, [369]–71
• —— case of supposed death from inhalation of, [370]
• Consciousness, recovery of, after chloroform, [98]
• Consumption, treatment of, by ether, [14], [360]
• Convulsions, epileptiform, in fatal case from chloroform, [191]
• —— infantile, use of chloroform in, [332]–3
• —— puerperal, use of chloroform in, [337]–9
• —— treatment of, with ether, [359]
• Corfe, Dr., report of a post-mortem after death from chloroform, [181]–2
• Countenance, expression of, under amylene, [401]
• Crockett, Dr., on a case of supposed death from combination of chloroform and ether, [370]
• Croup, spasmodic, use of chloroform in, [331]–2
• D.
• Davy, Sir Humphrey, experiments of, with nitrous oxyde, [14]
• —— suggested use of nitrous oxyde by, to remove pain of operations, [14]
• Death from chloroform without insensibility, [79]–133
• —— cause and prevention of, from chloroform, [107]–20
• —— under chloroform from paralysis of heart, [131], [138], [141], [143], [151], [156], [165], [178]–9, [181], [186], [189], [196]
• —— two modes of, from chloroform, [135]
• —— from chloroform, cases of, [120]–200,
  • see Operations, fatal
• —— symptoms of, from chloroform, [124], [127]–28, [130], [131], [135], [137], [139]–41, [142], [143], [144], [146], [147], [148], [149], [151], [153], [154], [155]–6, [157]–8, [159], [161], [162], [163]–4, [165], [166], [167]–8, [170]–1, [172]–3, [174]–5, [175]–6, [176]–7, [177]–8, [178]–9, [180]–1, [182]–3, [185]–6, [187]–8, [189], [190], [191], [192]–4, [195]–6, [197]
• —— from chloroform, cases of alleged, [201], [203], [204], [205], [209]
• —— mode of, in accidents from chloroform, [217]
• —— supposed causes of, from chloroform, [228]–45;
  • age, [230]–31;
  • idiosyncracy, [231]–2;
  • impurity of chloroform, [233];
  • apparatus employed, [233];
  • exclusion of air, [233]–4;
  • closure of the glottis, [234]–8;
  • exhaustion from struggling, [238]–9;
  • sitting posture, [239]–40;
  • effect of surgeon’s knife, [240]–3;
  • sudden death from other causes, [243]–5;
  • falling back of the tongue, [245]
• Death, sudden, from other causes during inhalation of chloroform, [244]–5
• —— during operations without anæsthetics, [245]
• Debout, Dr., on amylene, [375], [406], [418]
• Delarue, M., on titillation of the uvula during accidents from chloroform, [257]–8
• Delirium cum tremore, treatment of, by chloroform, [333]–4
• —— in fever, [334]–5
• Delphos, Priestess of, intoxicated by narcotic fumes, [11]
• Demarquay, M., on closure of the glottis by chloroform, [234]
• Diagram of chloroform inhaler, [82]
• —— of ether inhaler, [349]
• Dinners, late, a cause of hæmorrhoids, [307]
• Dioscorides, on decoction of mandragora, [1]
• —— on symptoms from mandragora, [3]
• Discovery of anæsthetics, importance of, [1]–2
• Dislocations, reduction of, under chloroform, [302]–3
• Devergie, M., on closure of the glottis by chloroform, [234]
• —— on death from amylene, [415]
• Dominus Hugo, his recipe for a narcotic, [5]–6
• —— his prescription for a local application, [6]
• Dumas, M., on analysis of chloroform and name, [27]
• Duroy, M., anæthesimeter of, [85]
• —— on amylene, [375]–6
• Dutch liquid, nature of, [27]
• E.
• Ear, operations on, under chloroform, [298]
• Eastment, Mr., case by, of alleged death from ether, [368]–9
• Effect of chloroform on the results of operations, [263]–70
• Elbow, excision of, under chloroform, [279]–80
• Electricity, use of, in a fatal case from chloroform, [166]
• —— value of, during accidents from chloroform, [261]–2
• —— use of, in case of death of from amylene, [413]
• Emphysema, in a fatal case from chloroform, [148]
• Epilepsy, influence of chloroform on, [52]
• —— use of chloroform in, [336]–7
• Esdaile, Dr., on hypnotism in the Hindoos, [10]
• Ether, sulphuric, or ether, [15] to 27, [345] to 371
• —— effects of, vapour, described by Faraday, [15]
• —— effects experimentally shewn by Professor Turner, [16]
• —— vapour as an anæsthetic, discovery of, [15], [16], [17]
• —— application of, summary, [17], [18]
• —— treatment of diseases by, [19]
• —— supposed death from, [20]
• —— use of, in Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Naples, and Lyons, [23]
• —— action of, on nervous centres, [45]
• —— administered for operation for removal of pus from frontal sinus, [302]
• —— history and composition of, [345]
• —— chemical and physical properties, [345]–9
• —— physiological effects of, [349]–55
• Ether, sulphuric, administration of, [356]–8
• —— —— in medical cases, [358]–61
• —— great safety of, [22]–3, [362]
• —— alleged deaths from, [362]–9
• —— chloroform and amylene, effects of, compared, [403]–5
• —— saturation of the blood with, [354];
  • flavour of, [357];
• —— quantity of, inhaled to produce insensibility, [356]–7
• —— operations under, [357]–9
• —— and chloroform, combination of, [369]–71
• —— —— analogous action of, [349]–50
• —— chloric, composition of, [20]
• —— chloric, introduction of, as an anæsthetic, ib.
• —— its relation to chloroform, ib.
• —— author’s experiments with, [21];
  • named by Dr. Thompson, [27]
• —— alcoholic solution of, made by Guthrie, [27]
• —— known as a diffusible stimulant, [27]
• Eupion, properties of, [377]
• Excitement, muscular, under chloroform, [93]
• Exhaustion from struggling, a supposed cause of death from chloroform, [238]–9
• Experiments with chloroform, mode of conducting the, [59], [60]
• —— on animals with chloroform, [60]–74
• —— illustrating modes of dying from chloroform, [109]
• —— with ether, [350]–5;
  • with amylene, [378]–386
• Eye, operations on, under chloroform, [295]–8
• Eyelids, sensibility of, under chloroform, a test, [88]
• F.
• Face, division of nerves of, under chloroform, [294]–5
• Faintness from chloroform, [103]–4
• Faraday, Professor, description of effects of ether vapour, [16]
• Farr, Dr. Arthur, on hysteria treated with chloroform, [341]
• Fatal cases from inhalation of chloroform, [120]–200
• —— alleged, from chloroform, [201]–12
• —— alleged, from inhalation of ether, [362]–8
• Fear, effects of, [77];
  • subsides with unconsciousness, [77]
• —— possible cause of death, cases of, [203], [209]–12
• Femur, excision of head of, under chloroform, [279]
• Fenwick, Dr., statistics of operations since the introduction of anæsthetics, [267]–70, [278]
• Fergusson, Mr., on utility of chloroform in lithotrity, [274]
• —— improvement of operation by, for removal of jaw, [281]–2
• —— operation by, for hare-lip, [292]
• —— observations of, in case of death from amylene, [408]–11
• Fibrine separated after application of galvanism, [181]–2
• Fife, Sir John, on the post-mortem appearances in a case of death from chloroform, [125]
• Flourens, M., experiments by chloroform, [21]
• —— on the action of sulphuric ether, [45]
• Frogs, experiments on, with chloroform, [71], [72], [112]
• —— mode of action of chloroform upon, [71]–2
• —— modified by different temperatures, [72]
• Further remarks on the prevention of accidents from chloroform, [248]–51
• %center%G.
• Galvanism applied in cases of death from chloroform, [144], [151], [167]–8, [181], [183], [197]
• Garner, Mr., on treatment of neuralgia with chloroform, [344]
• Garrod, Dr., report of post-mortem after a death from chloroform, [171]–2
• Giraldis, M., on use of amylene, [419]
• Glasgow Herald, report by, of case of death from chloroform, [136]
• Glottis, closure of, during inhalation of chloroform, [234]–38
• Glover, Dr., first experiments with chloroform, [112]
• —— report of post-mortem, appearances after death from chloroform, [124], [125]
• Gorré, M., on death from chloroform, [131]–2
• Guineapigs, experiments on, with chloroform, [60]–67
• —— experiments on, with amylene, [378]–385
• Guthrie, Mr., method of obtaining chloric ether, [27]
• H.
• Hall, Dr. Marshall, reference to the author, [109]
• —— description of his “ready method”, [260]–1
• —— his “ready method” of artificial respiration tried in fatal cases from chloroform, [194], [196], [197]
• —— “ready method” applied in cases of death from amylene, [410]–13
• Haller on influence of the blood in the heart, [223]
• Hæmorrhage, a cause of death during inhalation of chloroform, [205], [282]–4, [370]–1
• —— death from, during removal of tumour from jaw, [284]–5
• —— secondary, after operations, prevented by chloroform, [318]
• Hæmorrhoids, operations for, under chloroform, [305]–7
• —— why prevalent in the upper classes, [307]
• Hard drinkers, effects of chloroform on, [57]–8
• Hare-lip, operations for, under chloroform, [291]–3
• Harlequin, a, note concerning, [50]
• Harrison, Mr., observations by, in fatal case from chloroform, [175]–6
• Hawkesley, Dr., invention of mouth-piece for an inhaler by, [83]
• Hawkesworth, Mr. C. A., on tetanus treated with ether, [360]–1
• Hayward, Dr., operation by, on a patient narcotized by ether, [16]
• Head symptoms supposed as result of chloroform, [106]–7
• —— condition of, after death by chloroform, [246]
• Heart, diseases of, in relation to chloroform, [54]
• —— symptoms during recovery from chloroform, [56]
• —— fatal cases from chloroform inhalation during diseases of, [162], [165], [206]
• Heart, special influence of chloroform on, in different animals, [112]–13, [114], [117], [122]
• —— human, special influence of chloroform upon, [115], [164]
• —— sudden death from paralysis of, from chloroform, [131], [138], [141], [143], [151], [156], [165], [178]–9, [181], [186], [189], [196]
• —— condition of, during syncope, [223]–5, [228]
• —— condition of, after death, from chloroform, [246]
• —— circulation in coronary vessels of, [262]
• —— paralysis of, in case of death from amylene, [409], [413]
• Hernia, strangulated, operations for, under chloroform, [304]–5
• Herodotus on inhalation of narcotic vapours, [10], [11]
• Hewitt, Mr. Prescott, report of fatal operation for removal of tumour from jaw, [282]–4
• Hillier, Dr., report of a fatal case from chloroform, [170]–2
• History of anæsthetics, [1], [24]
• Hoa-tho, his use of Indian hemp for deadening pain, [4], [12]
• Hoffberg, use of mandrake as a narcotic, [4]
• Holmes, Mr. Thomas, on pyæmia and chloroform, [267]
• Hooping-cough, treatment of, by chloroform, [332];
  • by ether, [360]
• Housz, Dr., oxygen inhaler of, [83]
• Hunter, Mr. John, death of, [227]
• Hydrocephalus, treatment of, by chloroform, [335]
• Hysteria, influence of chloroform in, [51]–2
• —— cases of, in which chloroform was administered, [51]–2
• —— after chloroform, [104]–7;
  • after amylene, [406]
• Hysterical paralysis and contractions treated by chloroform, [339]–40
• I.
• Idiosyncrasy, supposed case of, [96]
• —— supposed cause of death from chloroform, [231]–2
• Indian hemp as a narcotic, [4]
• —— fumes of, inhaled by Hindoos, [5]
• Inhalation, definition of, [25];
  • reasons for, [26]
• —— agents administered by, [26];
  • how to be performed, ib.
• Inhalers for chloroform, description of, [81]–86;
  • diagram of, [82]
• —— of M. Charrière and Duroy, [85]
• —— of the author, use of, [86]
• —— for ether, diagram of, [349]
• Insanity, use of chloroform during, [57]
• Insensibility by chloroform, a process, [80]
• —— signs of, under chloroform, [87], [88]
• —— eyelid test of, [88]
• J.
• Jackson, Dr. Charles J., assertion of priority of application of ether as an anæsthetic, [16], [17]
• Jaw, upper, removal of tumours of, under chloroform, [280]–5
• —— lower, removal of tumours of, under chloroform, [285]
• Jeffreys, Mr. Julius, inhaler of, [349]
• Joints, stiff, forcible movement of, under chloroform, [303]
• Jones, Mr., of Jersey, report of operation by, under amylene, [402]–3
• Jorden, Mr., operation by, in fatal case from chloroform, [163]
• Jugular, external, opened in deaths from chloroform, [151], [159], [168], [174]
• —— value of opening the, during accidents from chloroform, [261]
• Julien Stanislaus on Chinese medicine, [4]
• K.
• Kittens, experiments on, with amylene, [385]–6
• Knee, excision of, under chloroform, [280]
• Kobelt, M., prosecution of, for fatal case from chloroform, [154]
• L.
• Labour, cases of, in which chloroform may be used, [319]–20
• —— consciousness need not be destroyed during, [318]
• —— period of, for exhibition of chloroform, [320]
• —— mode of administering chloroform during, [320]–4
• —— use of chloroform during operations in, [324]–6
• Labour, use of amylene during, [394]–7;
  • use of ether during, [359]
• Lamballe, M. Jobert de, on use of amylene, [419]
• Lansdown, Mr. W., on ether in midwifery, [359]
• Laryngismus stridulus, treatment of, by chloroform, [332]
• Laryngotomy, operation of, under chloroform, [312]
• Lawrence, Mr., on chloric ether, [20]
• Lefevre, Sir George, case of syncope, related by, [223]
• Leg, amputation of, under chloroform, [277]
• Letheon, Morton’s term for ether, [18]
• Liebig, Dr. Justus, on analysis of chloroform or liquid chloride of carbon, [27]
• —— proposed name of perchloride of formyle, [28]
• Liégard, on deadening pain by compression, [9]
• Ligature of arteries under chloroform, [289]–91
• Limbs, state of, under chloroform, [89]
• Linnets, experiments on, with ether, [352]–3;
  • with amylene, [381]–2
• Lip, cancer of, operation for, under chloroform, [294]
• Liston, Mr., first operations on patients etherized, [18]
• —— case of fatal operation from hæmorrhage, [284]
• Lithotomy, administration of chloroform for, [271]–4
• Lithotrity, administration of chloroform for, [274]–5
• Lonsdale, Miss, first patient who inhaled ether in England, [18]
• Lopez, Dolorès, supposed death of, from ether, [369]
• Lungs, diseases of, administration of chloroform during, [53]
• —— condition of, after death from chloroform, [245]–6
• M.
• Mackenzie, Dr., of Kelso, on a case of death from chloroform, [200]
• Majer, Dr., on a fatal case from chloroform, [161]
• Malgaigne, M., opinion of, on the case of Mdlle. Stock, [133]
• —— case by, of death from chloroform with exhaustion, [204]
• Mandragora, narcotic effects of, [1], [2];
  • antidote for, [2]
• Mandrake, once used as a narcotic, [4]
• Mania, treatment of, with chloroform, [342]
• Marshall, Mr. Peter, the author’s experiments with, [117]–20
• —— on case of death from fright, [203]
• Masson and Triquet, action brought against, for causing death by imprudent use of chloroform, [200]
• Maygarth, Mr., on a case of death from chloroform, [147]
• Meals, rules regarding the, before inhalation of chloroform, [75]
• Medical cases, inhalation of chloroform in, [329]–44;
  • in neuralgia, [329]–31;
  • in spasmodic asthma, [331];
  • in spasmodic croup, [331]–2;
  • in laryngismus stridulus, [332];
  • in hooping-cough, ib.;
  • in infantile convulsions, [332]–3;
  • in delirium cum tremore, [333]–4;
  • in delirium in fever, [334]–5;
  • hydrocephalus, [335];
  • in tetanus, [335]–6;
  • in epilepsy, [336]–7;
  • in puerperal convulsions, [337]–8;
  • in hysterical paralysis and contractions, [339]–41;
  • in mania, [342];
  • in spasmodic pain, [342]–3;
  • in frequent and long continued use of chloroform, [343]–4
• Medical cases, inhalation of ether in, [359]–61;
  • in convulsions, [359]–60;
  • in asthma, [360];
  • in hooping-cough, [360];
  • in consumption, [360];
  • in tetanus, [360]–1;
  • in neuralgia, [361]
• Meggison, Dr., on a case of death from chloroform, [124]
• Meissner, A. G., sketches by, [8]
• Menstruation, use of chloroform during, [53]
• Mesmerism, presumed effects of, [9]
• Mice, white, experiments on, with chloroform, [60], [61], [64], [65], [67], [68]
• —— quickly affected by chloroform, [70]
• —— experiments on, with ether, [350]–1;
  • with amylene, [386]–7
• Miller, Prof., on modes of administering chloroform in Edinburgh, [79]
• Modes of death in accidents from chloroform, [217]
• Monochlorurretted chloride of ethyle, [420]–3
• —— discovery and preparation of, [420]
• —— chemical and physical characters of, [420]–1
• —— supplied to author by Mr. Mason, ib.
• —— administration of, by author, as an anæsthetic, [421]–2;
  • effects of, [421]–3
• —— quantity inhaled to produce insensibility, [421]–3
• Moore, Mr. James, on compression of nerves to deaden pain, [9]
• Morbid appearances in cases of death from chloroform, [229]–30
• Morton, Dr., first application of sulphuric ether by, for removal of pain; his dispute with Dr. Jackson; his claims for priority, [16]–18, [78]
• Morion, a kind of mandragora used before operations, [2]
• Mouth, operations in, under chloroform, [299]–300
• N.
• Nævi, operations on, under chloroform, [289]
• Nails, evulsion of, under chloroform, [311]
• Narcotics, nature of, [35]
• Narcotism, degrees of, from chloroform, [35]–43
• —— amount of vapour of chloroform absorbed to cause the various degrees of, [58]–74
• Necrosis, operations for, under chloroform, [278]–9
• Nerves of sensation, division of, under chloroform, [294]–5
• Nervous system, action of chloroform upon, [44]–8
• Neuralgia, inhalation of chloroform for relief of, [189], [329]–30
• —— treatment of, by ether, [361]
• Nose, operations on, under chloroform, [298]–9
• Nunn, Mr. Roger, on case of alleged death from ether, [365]
• O.
• Operations, surgical, author’s experience of chloroform during, [271]–318;
  • lithotomy 271–4;
  • lithotrity, [274]–5;
  • stricture, [275]–6;
  • amputation of thigh, [276]–7;
  • amputation of leg, [277];
  • amputation of arm, [277]–8;
  • amputation of ankle, [278];
  • amputations, other, ib.;
  • for necrosis, [278]–9;
  • excision of head of femur, [279];
  • excision of elbow, [279]–30;
  • excision of knee, [280];
  • excision of wrist, ib.;
  • for tumours of jaw, [280]–7;
  • for other tumours, [287]–9;
  • for nævi, [289];
  • ligature of arteries, [289]–91;
  • tumour of bone, [291];
  • hare-lip, [291]–3;
  • cancer of lip, [294];
  • division of nerves, [294]–5;
  • on the eye, [295]–8;
  • on the ear, [298];
  • on the nose, [298]–9;
  • in the mouth, [299];
  • plastic operations, [300]–1;
  • raising depressed skull, [301]–2;
  • for ununited fracture, [302];
  • for dislocations, [303];
  • extension of stiff joints, ib.;
  • tenotomy, ib.;
  • strangulated hernia, [304]–5;
  • hæmorrhoids and prolapsus, [305]–7;
  • fissure of anus, [307]–8;
  • fistula in ano, [308];
  • ovarian tumours, [308]–9;
  • cancer of vagina, [310];
  • rupture of perineum, ib.;
  • removal of testicle, [310]–1;
  • phymosis, [311];
  • enlarged bursa, ib.;
  • evulsion of nails, ib.;
  • laryngotomy, [312];
  • extraction of teeth, [313]–18
• Operations, surgical, repetition of chloroform during, [97]
• Operations fatal under chloroform, [120]–200
• —— of removing toe-nail, [123]–7
• —— of tooth extraction, [127]–30
• —— for fistula, [130], [132]
• —— of opening a sinus, [131]–35
• —— of removing middle finger, [135]
• —— of transcurrent cauterization of wrist, [135]–6
• —— intended, on great toe, [136]
• —— on rectum, [136]–8
• —— amputation of middle finger, [138]–41
• —— amputation of a toe, [141]–2
• —— for tooth extraction, [142]–3
• —— for onychia of great toe, [143]–5
• —— excision of eyeball, [145]–6
• —— of extraction of tooth, [146]–147
• —— intended, case not described, [147]
• —— for removal of portion of middle finger, [147]–8
• —— intended for hydrocele, [148]–50
• —— detection of vesical calculus, [150]–1
• —— for removal of portion of right hand, [151]–2
• —— amputation below the knee, [152]–3
• —— intended, on penis, [153]–4
• —— for removal of testicle, ib.
• —— of tooth extraction, [155]–7
• —— for removal of fæces from rectum, [157]–8
• —— on an aneurism, [158]–60
• —— intended extraction of tooth, [161]
• —— intended, for fistula in ano, [162]–3
• —— application of caustic to an ulcer, [163]
• —— removal of a tumour, [163]–4
• —— application of nitric acid to an ulcer, [165]
• —— removal of a tumour, ib.;
  • of perineal section, [166]–70
• —— intended, for hernia, [170]–72
• —— application of actual cautery, [172]–4
• —— for extension of an anchylosed joint, [174]
• —— to remove a lipoma, [174]–5
• —— for reduction of a dislocation, [175]–6
• —— removal of uterine polypus, ditto, [176]–7
• —— removal of tumour, [177]–8
• —— for phymosis, ditto, [178]–80
• —— amputation of the thigh, [180]–2
• —— intended catheterization, [182]–4
• —— intended amputation of leg, [185]–7
• —— intended excision of eyeball, [187]–8
• —— for facial neuralgia, [188]–9
• —— dental, [189]–90
• —— removal of necrosed bone, [190]–2
• —— removal of tumour, [192]–4
• —— amputation of the thigh, [195]–6
• —— application of nitric acid, [196]–9
• —— various, details imperfect, [199]–200
• Operations alleged fatal from chloroform, [201]–212
• —— of intended tooth extraction, [201]–3;
  • on shoulder joint, [204];
  • for removal of breast, ib.;
  • amputation of leg, ib.
• —— for removal of tumour, [204]–5
• Operation of lithotrity, [205]–9
• —— for removal of tumour, [209]–12
• Operations, the effect of chloroform on results of, [263]–70
• —— statistics regarding, before and after chloroform, [264]–9
• —— administration of chloroform in the different kinds of, [271]–318
• —— performed under ether, [357]–9
• —— in which ether is preferable to chloroform, [361]
• —— attended with alleged death from ether, [362]–9
• —— under the influence of amylene, [387]–400
• —— of extraction of teeth, [387]–9, [394]
• —— for removal of tumours, [389]–393
• —— for tenotomy, [389], [391]–2
• —— for lithotomy, [389]
• —— for resection of knee, [389]–90
• —— for resection of head of femur, [390]
• —— for amputation, [390]–1
• —— on the eye, [391]
• —— for lithotrity, [391]
• —— for forcible extension of joints, [392]
• —— for reduction of dislocation, [392]–3
• —— for fistula, death from amylene during, [408]–11
• —— for removal of tumour, death from amylene during, [411]–15
• —— under the monochlorurretted chloride of ethyle, [421]–3
• Oxygen gas, artificial respiration of, in case of death from chloroform, [144]
• P.
• Paget, Professor, on a fatal case from chloroform, [172], [192]
• Pain, effects of, on operations, [55]
• Parkinson, Ann, death of, alleged from inhalation of ether, [365]–8
• Partridge, Professor, performance of laryngotomy by, under chloroform, [312]
• Parturition, use of chloroform in, [318]–29
• —— use of amylene in, [394]–7
• Patients, varying sensations of, under chloroform, [45]–8
• —— susceptible to chloroform, [50]
• —— fears of, regarding chloroform, [76]
• Patients, treatment of, during recovery from chloroform, [99]–100
• Pearson, Dr. Richard, use of ether by, in consumption, [14], [360]
• Pearson, Mrs., description of a case of death from chloroform, [127]–8
• Perinæum, operations on, under chloroform, [310]
• Persian Pharmacopœia, recipe for a remedium odorativum somniferum, [13]
• Phthisis pulmonalis, inhalation of chloroform during existence of, [53]
• Phymosis, operation for, under chloroform, [311]
• Pliny on use of mandragora in operations, [2]
• Porta, John Baptista, on effects of the somniferous menstrua, [12]
• Post-mortem rigidity produced by chloroform, [43]
• —— appearances after death by chloroform, [110], [111], [124], [125], [128]–9, [130], [132], [137], [140]–41, [142], [146], [147], [148], [149]–50, [152], [154]–5, [156]–7, [159]–60, [161], [162], [164], [166], [168]–9, [171]–2, [173], [176], [177], [178], [179], [181], [183], [186], [188]–90, [191]–2, [197]–8
• —— in cases of alleged death from chloroform, [203], [207]–9, [210]–12
• —— appearances after alleged death from ether, [363]
• Post-mortem appearances after death from amylene, [410]–11, [414]
• Posture, sitting, supposed cause of death during inhalation of chloroform, [239]–40
• Pregnancy, administration of chloroform during time of, [53]
• Preparations for inhaling chloroform, [75]
• Prevention of accidents from chloroform, further remarks on, [248]–51
• Prolapsus ani, operations for, under chloroform, [305]–7
• Propert, Mr., case of, where lithotrity was performed under chloroform after apoplexy, [56]–7
• Pupils, state of, under chloroform, [93]–4, [158]
• Pulse, effect of chloroform on, [43]–4, [77], [89]
• —— before and after inhalation of chloroform, [77]–8
• R.
• Rabbits, experiments on, with chloroform, [117]
• Recovery from effects of chloroform, [97], [98], [99], [100]
• Regnault, M. M. G., discovery of the monochlorurretted chloride of ethyle, [420]
• Reichenbach, discovery of eupion, [377]
• Respiration modified by chloroform vapour, [69]–70
• —— quantity of chloroform sufficient to arrest the, [74], [115]
• —— artificial, its use, [121]
• —— artificial, applied in cases of death from chloroform, [139], [144], [150], [159], [163], [166], [167]–8, [173], [179], [181], [183], [185], [187]–8, [190], [191], [194], [196], [197], [207], [210]
• —— artificial, value of, in accidents from chloroform, [251]–7
• —— artificial, applied in case of death from amylene, [410], [413]
• Richardson, Dr. B. W., on syncope, [223]
• —— on the cause of the fluidity of the blood, [248]
• Ricord, M., on artificial respiration in accidents from chloroform, [252]
• Ridge, Dr. Joseph, on the death of John Hunter, [227]
• Rigaud, M., mode of administration of amylene, [417]–18
• Riggs, Dr., extraction of tooth for Horace Wells without pain, [15]
• Robert, M., on a case of death from syncope, [203]
• Roberts, Dr., reference to a death from chloroform, [200]
• Robinson, Mr., first administered ether in England, [18]
• —— case narrated by, [48]
• —— on case of alleged death from chloroform, [201]
• Robbs, Dr. William, on a case of alleged death from ether, [365]–8
• Rudge, Mr. Henry, on treatment of puerperal convulsions with chloroform, [337]–8
• S.
• Saliva, increased flow of, from chloroform, [95]
• Sassard, Ambroise Tranquille, on narcotics before operations, [8]
• Scythians inhaled narcotic vapours, [11]
• Sequelæ of the inhalation of chloroform, [100]–7;
  • sickness, [100]–3;
  • faintness and depression, [103]–4;
  • hysteria, [104]–6;
  • head symptoms, [106]–7
• Serum of blood, absorption of chloroform by, [69]
• —— amount of, in blood, [74]
• Sibson, Dr., experiments with, on dividing pneumogastric nerves, [58]
• —— his mouth-piece for inhaler, [83]
• —— treatment of neuralgia by inhalation of ether, [361]
• —— experiments with chloroform, [119], [120]
• Sibson, Dr., on cause of death from chloroform, [121], [122]
• —— on blood in the heart after death, [134]
• Sideration, [133]
• Signs of insensibility under chloroform, [87]
• Silliman on chloric ether as a stimulant, [27]
• Simpson, Dr., on history of anæsthesia, [1]
• —— his introduction of chloroform, [17]
• —— on use of ether during parturition, [19], [359]
• —— first administers and recommends chloroform, [21]–2
• —— on the death of Hannah Greener, [126]
• —— on a supposed death from chloroform, [199]
• —— on sudden death during an operation without an anæsthetic, [245]
• —— statistics of operations after chloroform, [264]–5
• Sitting posture supposed cause of death during inhalation of chloroform, [239]–40
• Skull, raising depressed, under chloroform, [301]–2
• Society of Emulation of Paris, on death by chloroform, [122]
• Solly, Mr., on a case of death from chloroform, [143]–5
• Soubeiran, M., on analysis of chloroform, or chloric ether, [27]
• Spasm as preceding death from chloroform, [129]
• Spasmodic pain, treatment of, with chloroform, [342]
• Squire, Mr., invention of an ether inhaler by, [18]
• Stafford, Mr. Augustus, treatment of case of, [342]–3
• Stertor under chloroform how to be met, [90]
• St. Louis Hospital, surgeon of, on number of deaths from chloroform, [200]
• Strabismus, operation for, under chloroform, [297]
• Strength and debility in relation to effects of chloroform, [50]
• Stricture, operations for, with chloroform, [276]
• Struggling and rigidity under chloroform how to be met, [91], [92], [93]
• —— and rigidity under amylene, [401]–2
• —— exhaustion from, a supposed cause of death from chloroform, [238]–9
• Supposed causes of death from chloroform, [228]–45
• Surgeon’s knife, supposed effects of, during inhalation of chloroform, [240]–3
• Sylvester, Dr., on anæsthetics, [7]
• Symptoms in cases of death from chloroform, [124], [127]–8, [130], [131], [135], [137], [139], [142], [143], [144], [146], [147], [148], [149], [151], [153], [154], [155]–6, [157]–8, [159], [161], [162], [163], [163]–4, [165], [166], [167]–8, [170]–1, [172]–3, [174], [174]–5, [175]–6, [176]–7, [177]–8, [178]–9, [180]–1, [182]–3, [185]–6, [187]–8, [189], [190], [191], [192]–4, [195]–6, [197]
• —— in alleged cases of death from chloroform, [201]–205, [206]–7, [209]–10
• Symptoms in fatal cases of inhalation, summary of, [212]–17
• —— to be attended to during administration of chloroform, [249]–50
• —— in cases of death from amylene, [409]–10, [412]–13
• Syncope sometimes prevented by chloroform, [77]–8
• —— after chloroform, [104]
• —— possible deaths from, independently of chloroform, [204]–9, [211]–12
• —— anæmic, distinguished from cardiac, [204];
  • description of, [222]–4
• —— the two kinds of, [222]–8
• —— condition of heart during, [223]–6
• —— does not commence at the brain, [223]
• —— during disease of the heart, [227]
• —— from mental emotion, [224]–5;
  • from anger, [227]
• —— from muscular exertion, [228];
  • from pain, ib.
• %center%T.
• Table of fatal cases of inhalation of chloroform, [218]–22
• —— shewing ages of fatal cases from chloroform, [230]
• —— Dr. Fenwick’s, on result of operations after chloroform, [270]
• —— shewing quantity of chloroform vapour in air at various temperatures, [33]
• —— relating to ether, [347]–8
• —— shewing evaporation of amylene, [377]
• Teeth, extraction of, under chloroform, [313]–18
• —— number of, extracted under, [314]
• —— extraction, mode of administering chloroform for, [315]
• Tenotomy, performance of, under chloroform, [303]–4
• Tetanus, use of chloroform in, [335]–6
• —— treatment of, by inhalation of ether, [360]–1
• Testicle, removal of, under chloroform, [310]–11
• The administration of chloroform in the different kinds of operations, [271]–318
• The inhalation of chloroform in medical cases, [329]–44
• Theodoric on prevention of pain in operations, [5]
• —— his directions for securing patients during operation, [7]
• Thigh, amputation of, under chloroform, [276]–7
• Thompson, Dr. Thomas, chloric ether, [27]
• Tobacco smoke inhaled in Asia and Eastern parts of Europe, [12]
• Tongue, falling back of, supposed cause of death during inhalation of chloroform, [245]
• Tourdes, Professor, on amylene, [418]
• Treatment of suspended animation from chloroform, [251]–62
• Triquet and Masson, action brought against, for causing death by chloroform, [200]
• Trismus, occurrence of, in fatal case from chloroform, [174]
• Tumours, ovarian operations of, under chloroform, [308]–10
• —— of upper jaw, removal of, under chloroform, [280]–5
• —— of lower jaw under chloroform, [285]
• —— of the female breast, removal of, under chloroform, [285]–7
• —— other, removal of, under chloroform, [287]–9
• —— of bone, removal of, under chloroform, [291]
• Turner, Professor, experiments on inhalation of ether vapour, [16]
• U.
• Uvula, titillation of, practised in an accident from chloroform, [257]
• V.
• Vagina, cancer of, operations on, under chloroform, [310]
• Valentin, M., on amount of blood in the body, [73]
• Vapour of chloroform, amount of, absorbed to cause the various degrees of narcotism, [58]–74
• —— absorption of, by fluids, laws which govern the, [59]
• —— absorption of, in the lungs, formula for expressing quantity of, [59]
• Venesection tried in fatal cases from chloroform, [151], [159], [168], [174]
• —— value of, in accidents from chloroform, [261]
• Vomiting caused by chloroform, [74], [100]–3
• —— prevention of a treatment, [75], [101]
• —— after inhalation of ether, [361]
• —— rarity of, from amylene, [406]–7
• %center%W.
• Wakley, Mr. Thomas, experiments by, [122]
• Waldie, Mr., on chloroform, [17], [21]–2
• Warren, Dr. J. C., operation by, on a patient narcotized by ether, [16]
• —— report of death of Patrick Coyle from chloroform, [130]
• —— report of death of John Griffith from chloroform, [136]–8
• Water, application of, during accidents from chloroform, [258]
• —— bath of chloroform inhaler, uses of, [84]
• Watson, Dr., on dentistry and longevity, [313]
• Waugh, Mr., on a mouth-piece inhaler, [83]
• Wells, Mr. Horace, on effects of nitrous oxyde, [14], [15]
• Wilks, Dr., report of post-mortem after death from chloroform, [186]
• Willis, Dr. Robert, on treatment of hooping-cough by inhalation of ether, [360]
• Wilson, Dr., Lumleian lectures of, [73]
• Wine of mandragora given before operations, [2]
• Woodville, Dr., on use of mandragora, [3]
• Wrist, excision of, under chloroform, [280]

T. RICHARDS, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’S INN.

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[1]. Messrs. Maule and Polyblank have an excellent photographic portrait of Dr. Snow in their “Scientific Portrait Gallery” series. Mr. Empson has also a bust, which has been greatly admired for its correctness and for its superiority as an artistic work.

[2]. Dr. Murchison, who with Dr. Budd rendered Dr. Snow all that able assistance which the best of medicine can offer, has kindly given me several particulars in regard to the fatal illness, which I embody in the text, with many thanks.

[3]. Dr. Murchison has also given me an outline of the post-mortem appearances, which is subjoined. “The post-mortem examination revealed slight white softening, only detectable by the microscope, in the right corpus striatum and optic thalamus, and fatty degeneration of the minute cerebral vessels. The heart was slightly fatty, but there was no valvular disease, nor atheromatous disease of aorta. The lungs were congested, and showed marked evidence of old disease at the apices. Both the kidneys were much contracted and granular, with numerous cysts, the right organ being almost entirely converted into cysts; with the uriniferous tubes either denuded, or containing granular disintegrating epithelium. There was distinct cicatrix of an old ulcer in duodenum, and the stomach was much congested, with numerous hæmorrhagic spots.”