[187] I use the word "state" throughout this discussion in its largest, most comprehensive sense, as meaning the whole political organization of society.
[188] This view is fully shared by Kautsky, Agrarfrage, pages 443-444, and by Paul Lafargue, Revue Politique et Parliamentaire, October, 1898, page 70.
[189] Of course, this does not mean that there must not be private use of land.
[190] The student who cares to pursue the subject will find that this analysis is, in the main, agreed to by the most eminent exponents of Marxian Socialism to-day. Cf., for instance, Kautsky's Das Erfurter Program; the same writer's The Social Revolution, especially pages 117, 159; Vandervelde, quoted by Ensor, Modern Socialism, page 205; also, Vandervelde's Collectivism, page 46. Jaurès, the brilliant French Socialist, may not perhaps be strictly included in the category of "eminent Marxists," but he accepts the position of Kautsky, see Studies in Socialism, by Jean Jaurès, pages 36-40. See, also, Engels, Die Bauernfrage in Frankreich und Deutschland, published in Die Neue Zeit, 1894-1895, No. 10; Kautsky, Die Agrarfrage; and Simons, The American Farmer. That most of these deal with petty agriculture rather than petty industry is true, but the principle holds in regard to both.
[191] "Ethics of Social Progress," by Professor Franklin H. Giddings in Philanthropy and Social Progress (1893), page 226.
[192] "The Economics of Factory Legislation," in The Case For the Factory Acts, by Mrs. Sidney Webb, page 50.
[193] See, for instance, Mr. Roosevelt's speech at Matinecock, L.I., near Oyster Bay, July 11, 1908, as reported in the daily papers by the Associated Press. Also, the Republican National Platform, 1908, which states that Socialism stands for "equality of possession," while the Republican Party stands for "equality of opportunity"—a complete misrepresentation, both of Socialism and the Republican Party!
[194] For condemning the wages system as a form of slavery, Socialists are often vigorously condemned, but there are few sociologists of repute who question the truth of the Socialist claim. Herbert Spencer, for example, is as vigorous in asserting that wage-labor is a form of slavery as any Socialist. See The Principles of Sociology, Vol. III, Chapter 18.
[195] See Kautsky's Das Erfurter Program, and also The Social Revolution, especially pages 128-135; Anton Menger, L'État Socialiste, page 35; and Vandervelde's Collectivism, pages 149-150.
[196] J. Addington Symonds.