ILLUSTRATIONS

1.A Typical Scene[Frontispiece]
FACING PAGE
2.Three “Little Mothers” and their Charges[1]
3.Group of “Lung Block” Children[5]
4.Rachitic Types[12]
5.Babies whose Mothers Work[16]
6.Police Station used as a “Clean Milk” Depot[35]
7.Babies of a New York Day Nursery[39]
8.Group of Children whose Mothers are employed away from their Homes[42]
9.A Sample Report (facsimile letter)[46]
10.Babies whose Mothers work cared for in a Crèche[53]
11.A “Lung Block” Child in a Tragically Suggestive Position[60]
12.A Typical “Little Mother”[72]
13.A Cosmopolitan Group of “Fresh Air Fund” Children[94]
14.“Fresh Air Fund” Children enjoying Life in the Country[117]
15.Communal School Kitchen, Christiania, Norway[124]
16.New York Cellar Prisoners[133]
17.Little Tenement Toilers[140]
18.Juvenile Textile Workers on Strike[147]
19.Night Shift in a Glass Factory[158]
20.Breaker Boys at Work[165]
21.Home “Finishers”: A Consumptive Mother and her Two Children at Work[172]
22.Silk Mill Girls after Two Years of Factory Life[184]
23.A “Kindergarten” Tobacco Factory in Philadelphia[197]
24.A Glass Factory by Night[204]
25.A Free Infants’ Milk Depot (Municipal), Brussels[225]
26.A Group of Working Mothers[231]
27.A “Clean Milk” Distribution Centre in a Baker’s Shop[234]
28.Packing Bottles of “Clean Milk” in Ice[240]
29.“A Makeshift”: Hammocks swung between the Cots in an Overcrowded Day Nursery[245]
30.Interior of the Communal School Kitchen, Christiania[252]
31.Weighing Babies at the Gota de Leche, Madrid[257]
32.Five o’Clock Tea in the Country[261]
33.A Little Fisherman[268]

Note.—I am indebted to Miss Marjory Hall of New York for the pictures of day nurseries and crèches; to Dr. G. W. Goler of Rochester, N.Y., for permission to use several illustrations of his work; to the Rev. Peter Roberts for the excellent illustration, “Breaker Boys at Work”; and to the Pennsylvania Child Labor Committee for several other illustrations of working children.—J. S.

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES AND DIAGRAMS

PAGES
1.Diagram showing Relative Death-rates per 100,000 Persons in Different Classes[6]
2.Table showing Number of Deaths in United States and England and Wales, at Different Ages[12]
3.Table showing Infantile Mortality from Eleven Given Causes and the Estimated Influence of Poverty thereon[21]
4.Diagram showing the Infantile Death-rate of Rochester, N.Y., and the Influence thereon of a Pure Milk Supply[22]
5.Schedule relating to Five Families in which the Mothers are employed away from their Homes[40]–[41]
6.Schedule showing Dietary of Children in Six Families[93]
7.Table showing Comparative Height, Weight, and Chest Girth of English Boys according to Social Class[97]
8.Occupations of Juvenile Delinquents in Six Large Cities[188]
9.Occupations of Juvenile Delinquents in Six Towns of less than 100,000 Inhabitants[189]
10.Table showing Reasons for the Employment of 213 Children[212], [213]

THREE “LITTLE MOTHERS” AND THEIR CHARGES

THE BITTER CRY OF THE CHILDREN

I
THE BLIGHTING OF THE BABIES

“Oh, room for the lamb in the meadow,