[Fig. 24] shows a ladder fitted up with pulleys at its top and bottom and a plinthium of Nileus below.
[Fig. 25] shows the reduction of the humerus by a ladder so fitted. The ladder having been fixed in the ground, the arm has been passed over a step of the ladder and the plinthium of Nileus has tightened the thongs attached to the arm till the patient is almost suspended.
The operator is pulling the head of the humerus outwards by means of a fillet, while an assistant is pressing down the shoulders of the patient.
Fig. 29. Reduction of the wrist. The ladder is probably meant to be lying flat, but in the figure it is shown tilted up on its side in order to bring the parts into view.
Fig. 30. Reduction of the dislocated astragalus with the ladder in the horizontal position.
[Fig. 26] shows the reduction of the ulna at the elbow, and [Fig. 27] the reduction of both bones dislocated together. [Fig. 28] shows the reduction of the shoulder. The ladder is placed horizontally in this case, the ends being supported on a pile of wood or stone blocks.