(9) When a word in Latin or Greek commences with a p, by aspiration it becomes f in English and the Teutonic languages; thus for πῦρ we have fire, for ποδ-foot, for πατήρ, father, etc.
(10) The English w is closely connected with the vowels, as appears from water and ooater; hence it disappears in Greek altogether, or is represented by a breathing, as in οἶνος, wine; ὕδωρ, water; ὑετός, wet.
(11) In some adjectives the Latin an, like al, is superfluously appended to the Greek termination in κός, as rhetorician, from ῥητορικός.
(12) The Greek κ, as in κύων, and cornu in Latin, appears in the Teutonic languages as h, so hound, horn; κολώνη, collis, hill.
(13) The letter m at the end of an English word curtailed from Greek signifies the thing done, the product of the verb, as ποίημα, poem, the thing made, a poem, from ποιέω, I make; so baptism from βαπτίζω, and chrism from χρίω, I anoint, and other isms.
(14) Finally, as at least two-thirds of the technical words used in our scientific nomenclature, and not a few even outside of the range, are of Greek extraction, the student would act wisely if at starting he were to make a list of all such terms in familiar use, with their Greek form and Greek analysis in an opposite column; as—
| theology | θεολογία |
| (θεός, God; | λόγος, discourse) |
He will thus find that he knows already some two or three hundred Greek words in a slightly disguised English form.
APPENDIX II
Vocabularies