A noun is the name of a thing or person, a verb signifies an action, an adjective a quality as good or bad belonging to a noun. The nominative case is the person who is or may be doing what the verb means; the objective case is the thing or person to which or towards which the action of the verb tends. The verb to be, denoting simple existence, not action, of course is followed by the nominative, not the objective case.
Nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Masculines generally end in ος.
Feminines in η or α, a few in ος—ὁδός, a way,
βίβλος, a book, παρθένος, a maiden.
Neuters in ον.
The objective case ends in ν, the ν being added to the termination of feminines, and substituted for the ς in masculines. In neuters the nominative and objective are the same. Adjectives follow the same rule.
Verbs: first person ends in ω, second in ς, and third in ει or ᾳ, as—
- ὁρῶ, ὁρᾷς, ὁρᾷ, I see, thou seest, he sees.
- ἀκούω, ἀκούεις, ἀκούει, I hear, etc.
- So—
- θαυμάζω, I wonder.
- μῑσῶ, I hate.
- φιλῶ, I love.
- ἔχω, I have.
Useful Imperatives