83. Which one of the elements in profit has the greatest effect on its amount? Explain by comparing the causes which regulate each element.
84. How does Mill reconcile the high wages in America with Ricardo's law of profits?
85. Explain the proposition that the rate of profits depends on the cost of labor, stating carefully what elements are included in cost of labor.
86. Explain what connection there may be between an increase of population and any of the elements entering into cost of labor.
87. What effect would an increase or diminution of population have upon cost of labor?
88. Explain Mill's view as to the cost of labor being a function of three variables, considering the passages in which he says, 1. “If without labor becoming less efficient its remuneration fell, no increase taking place in the cost of the articles composing that remuneration;” 2. “If the laborer obtained a higher remuneration, without any increased cheapness in the things composing it; or if, without his obtaining more, that which he did obtain would become more costly”: profits in the last two cases would suffer a diminution; and discussing—Firstly, if the remuneration of labor falls, what can the cost of the articles composing that remuneration signify to the capitalist? Secondly, if the laborer gets a higher remuneration, what can the increased cheapness of the things composing it signify to the capitalist?
89. Is the contest between capital and labor permanent and fundamental? If not, give your reasons for your answer.
90. What is the effect on wages and profits of the introduction of machinery?
Rent.
91. What connection exists between the law of Malthus and Ricardo's doctrine of rent?