This system comprises the following operations, namely—
1. Winding yarn from cops, ring, or throstle bobbins on to warpers’ bobbins, by means of a “spindle” or “cop” winding machine.
2. Beam warping, whereby yarn is transferred, in the form of a wide sheet, from warpers’ bobbins on to a large flanged beam.
3. Slasher or tape sizing, whereby yarn is withdrawn from several beams, termed “back” or “slashers’” beams, to be sized, and subsequently re-wound by the same machine on to a weaver’s beam by simultaneous operations.
4. Looming, by which the threads of a new warp are placed in a loom ready for weaving.
2. Ball Warping and Sizing.
This system comprises the following operations, namely—
1. Winding yarn from cops or ring bobbins on to warpers’ bobbins.
2. Ball warping, in which a number of threads are withdrawn from warpers’ bobbins and condensed into the form of a rope of untwisted strands. This operation may be accomplished by several types of machines. The one usually employed is the old-fashioned warping mill, which coils warp-ends on to a large revolving reel or swift, from which they are subsequently withdrawn and formed into a large ball. Ball warps are also sometimes formed direct from warpers’ bobbins; also sometimes from sections formed by a sectional warper; and sometimes by means of a linking or chaining machine.