5
gallons
Chloride of zinc
2
„
Colouring matters are used in size to give the yarn any desired tinge. Blue is the most common, as it neutralizes the yellowness of the cloth given in heavy sizing. Only a very small quantity is required. Sometimes yellow is used to give a brownish appearance to American yarn, making it appear more like Egyptian. Numerous other materials are used for various purposes in sizing. “Gloy” has been found useful for strengthening warps for very heavily picked cloths.
[Fig. 23] will show the principle of the slashing machine in its most usual form. The warpers’ beams are placed in the creel 1, at the back of the machine. In the diagram there are six beams, 1 to 6, so that if each one contains 500 ends there would be 3000 ends in the warp. The warp passes over roller A, and into the size-box. The small roller B in the size-box is of copper, and is called the immersion roller. The warp is passed under this, and its depth in the size mixture is regulated by it. The warp then passes between two pairs of rollers, C, D, and E, F (of which D and F are covered with flannel), to squeeze the surplus size from the yarn. The size is kept boiling in the size-box by the injection of steam. When the warp comes from the rollers E, F, it passes over a large drying cylinder, M, and, after passing almost completely round it, over a smaller cylinder, N, and then round the fan P and over guide-roller Q. The warp then passes through the dividing rods R (which divide the warp into the same portions that come from each warpers’ beam), thence over guide-roller S and tin measuring roller T, between drawing rollers U, V, and finally on to a weaver’s beam, Z. This end of the machine is called the “headstock,” and comprises the measuring mechanism, dividing rods, and winding-on arrangement.
FIG. 23.