7–9. The two are sometimes merged into one.
10. Extent to which causation is needed in Probability.
11–13. Difficulty of referring an individual to a class:
14. This difficulty but slight in Logic,
15, 16. But leads to perplexity in Probability:
17–21. Mild form of this perplexity;
22, 23. Serious form.
24–27. Illustration from Life Insurance.
28, 29. Meaning of ‘the value of a life’.
30, 31. Successive specialization of the classes to which objects are referred.