An Illustrated Dictionary of Words used in Art and Archaeology / Explaining terms frequently used in works on architecture, arms, bronzes, Christian art, colour, costume, decoration, devices, emblems, heraldry, lace, personal ornaments, pottery, painting, sculpture, &c., with their derivations.

by John W. Mollett

Leather brooches for hats are mentioned by Dekker in Satiromastix, 1602. Figs. [a]105], [a]106], [a]107] represent different brooches found in France of the Gallic and Merovingian periods. (Compare Fibula, Phaleræ.)

Fig. 113. Gallic brooch.

Brown, in Egyptian art, was the colour consecrated to Typhon; in ancient times it was the sign of mourning. Regarded as a compound of red and black, Bistre, it is the symbol of all evil deeds and treason. In a monastic costume it signifies renunciation. With the Moors it was emblematic of all evil. Christian symbolism appropriates the colour of the dead leaf for the type of “spiritual death,” &c. (Consult Portal, Essai sur les Couleurs symboliques.)

Brown Madder. (See Madder.)

Brown Ochre. A strong, dark, yellow, opaque pigment. (See Ochres.)

Brown Pigments are asphaltum, bistre, umber, sienna, Mars brown, Cassel earth, Cappagh brown, brown madder, and burnt terra verde;—chiefly calcined earths. (See also Indigo.)

Brown Pink (Fr. stil de grain). A vegetable yellow pigment. (See Pinks.)

Brown Red is generally made from burnt yellow ochre, or Roman ochre, or from calcined sulphate of iron. (See Mars.)

Brunswick Green. A modification of Mountain Green (q.v.).