Temple Church, London—a round church—is a representative specimen of the transition period of architecture in England from the Norman to the Early English. “The Eastern part is a most excellent specimen of plain light Early English, and its growing and slender piers are perhaps unequalled.” (Rickman, Architecture in England, &c.)
Templet. (See Template.)
Fig. 647. Templum in antis.
Templum, Temple, R. (τέμνω, to cut off). A Greek temple was not originally intended for worshippers, but as a shrine for the gods. In the earliest times the Greek temples were made of wood, and the primitive origin of them was probably a hollow tree in which the image was placed as in a niche. The early Greek temples were dark and gloomy, having no windows, but lighted through the door, or by lamps. At a very early stage in history, temples of great grandeur and beauty are mentioned. All temples were built in an oblong or round form, and were mostly adorned with columns; they were classified accordingly as astyle, without any columns; in antis, with two columns in front, between the antæ; prostyle, with four columns in front; or amphiprostyle, with four columns at each end; peripteral, with columns at each end and along the sides; or dipteral, with two ranges of columns all round, one within the other, &c. They were also described according to the number of columns in the porticoes, as tetrastyle, hexastyle, decastyle, &c.,—this number was never uneven; or according to the intercolumniation, as pycnostyle, systyle, eustyle, diastyle, or aræostyle. Many of the great temples consisted of three parts: the pronaos or vestibule; the cella, properly the naos; and the opisthodomos.
Tendrils of a vine or other creeping plant, with which it clasps the objects that support it, furnish abundant suggestions for ornamental designs in scroll-work.
Tenebrosi. A school of Italian artists who devoted their attention to striking Rembrandt effects of light and shade; represented by Caravaggio.
Tenent, Tenant. A term in French heraldry applied to human figures as Supporters.
Tennée or Tawney, Her. A deep orange colour, indicated by vertical lines crossing Purpure.
Tenon. The end of a piece of wood, shaped to fit into another piece.