The displaying of supposed witchcraft

by John Webster

Explic. 2.

Psal. 58. 6.

Ut. supra.

Chirug. major. c. 8. p. 22.

2. But to explicate what is meant by charms and characters, we are to note that it is not to be understood of those words that are by humane institution significant according to the imposition of men, nor of any sort of charms or characters, but of such, as by wise men are duly fitted and joined together, in and under a right and favourable constellation, for it is from the Influence of the Stars (as we have proved before) that words, charms, images and characters do receive their energie and virtue. And to this purpose is the true rendition of the words in the Psalm. Which hearkeneth not to the voice of those that mutter, the conjunction of the learned joyner. That is, that the Serpent doth not hearken unto, or obey the charms that are framed or joined together by the learned joiner or framer of charms. So that there is a great learning required to frame and compose charms rightly that they may be efficacious. For Paracelsus witnesseth that Serpents once hearing an efficacious charm do forthwith stop their ears, lest they should hear the words repeated again. Of both these sorts the learned Roger Bacon doth tell us this: “Of characters therefore according to the first manner, it is so to be judged as we have shewed in common speech: But of sigills and characters of the second manner, unless they be made in elected seasons, they are known to have no efficacy at all. And therefore he that doth practise them, as they are described in books, not respecting but only the figure that the exemplar doth represent, is judged of every wise man to do nothing. But those which know to perform their work in fit constellations according to the face of the Heavens; those may not only dispose characters but all their works, both of Art and Nature, according to the virtue of the Stars. But because it is a difficult thing to understand the certainty of Celestials in these things, therefore in these things there is much error with many, and there are few that understand to order any thing profitably and truly.” And to this purpose Paracelsus tells us: “Certain Chirurgical Arts invented of the first improvers of Astronomy, by which admirable things were (by an Ethereal virtue) performed. But these after the decease of the ancient Magicians, were so lost, were as scarce any footsteps do now remain. But it was the Art of Celestial impressions, that they might draw down, the influent action, into some corporeal substance. The thing is plain by example. The seed of a Rose doth obtain the virtue and nature of a Rose, yet for all that it is not a Rose, but when being put into the earth, it doth sprout, then at the last it produceth a Rose. By the same reason, there are certain celestial virtues and actions in being, which being sown into Gemms, which were called of the ancient Magicians, Peantides and Gamahii (otherwise gemmæ huyæ) from whence they have afterwards sprung up, no otherwise than seed, which doth fall from the Tree, and doth regerminate. This was that Astronomie of the ancient Ægyptians and Persians, by which they did adorn Gemms with celestial virtues. Neither are these things forthwith to be reputed impossible: For if we believe, that the Heaven doth send the Plague and other diseases upon us, why may we not hope, that the benignity of its virtues may be communicated to us also? In like manner if the Heaven doth act upon the bodies of men, why may we not think that they may wrest their darts into stones? Many are touched with such like celestial darts which a Magician who hath skill of the Firmament, may easily (if they be noxious) shun: or if they be benign shall, by putting some body, communicate it to that body, that now that body may fully obtain into it self the virtue of that dart or influence. From whence stones are found amongst the Ægyptians, which being born do cause diseases: But again there are others, that do throughly make sound those diseases. So (he saith) we have seen Gemmas Huyas, that is Peantides, wherein the sign of the Sagittary was insculped against weapons, which were prevalent against wounds made with Swords. Also we have known (he saith) that Magicians have rendered stones efficacious to cure Feavers: nor only to have made them strong to cure diseases, but also wounds, and their symptoms, to wit, the Hæmorrhage, the Sinonia (or sinew-water) Convulsions, and the Epilepsie. But as in that age the use of these was frequent, and the authority great; so by little and little the sophistications of false Philosophers being increased, they have come into desuetude and contempt, and other childish things have been substituted in their places. But these Stones (because now the site and influx of the Heavens are plainly otherwise than they were in times past) are no more so efficacious as they were then, therefore it is convenient that they be prepared anew.

“The Art Magick, because it was more secret, nor known to vulgar Philosophers, both because it did ingenerate wonderful virtues, not only to Stones, but also to such like words, begun to be called the prestigious Art by an odious term. For men being unskilful of these things, who notwithstanding did usurp the title of the Art unto themselves, addicted themselves unto artificious operations, crosses and exorcisms: From thence the vulgar, being unskilful of the Magical Art, have begun to attribute this virtue to exorcisms, characters, short prayers, signacles, crosses, and to other frivolous things. But the matter (he saith) is quite otherwise: for the constellation under which the stones and words are prepared, doth induce the virtues, not exorcisms.”

Chirur. Minor. p. 78.

Explic. Astronom. p. 654.

And being entred upon this particular, we shall add some things to this more fully, as first this from the great Georgius Phædro, who saith, after he had shewed the great virtue of some Roots and Herbs in curing wounds and ulcers: “But a Characteristical cure is that, which exerciseth its natural power by words pronounced, written or ingraven, by the qualities celestial and various influences of the Stars, being friendly to our bodies. And to this doth fully agree, what is written by Trallianus at large and Augerius Ferrerius in his Chapter de Homerica medicatione, whither I referr the Reader, and conclude this explication with that sentence of Paracelsus: Præterea syderibus nota sunt omnia, quæ in natura existunt. Vnde (inquit) sapiens dominabitur astris, is sapiens, qui virtutes illas ad sui obedientiam cogere potest.”

Argum. 3.