Conophis lineatus (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril)
Tomodon lineatum (in part) Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, Erpétologie Générale, 7(pt. 2):936-938, February 25, 1854.
Diagnosis.—No dark pigmentation posterior to nape; lateral dark stripe anteriorly passing through eye and posteriorly involving 4th or 3rd and 4th scale-rows only; first scale-row darkly pigmented; no paravertebral dark stripe; six to thirteen (or no) dark stripes at mid-body; usually eight (sometimes seven) supralabials immaculate white or having dark ventral margins.
Variation.—The variation in this species is discussed more completely in the descriptions of the subspecies. One hundred and seven specimens have 157 to 178 (164.8) ventrals. Eighty-eight of these snakes having complete tails have 56 to 80 (68.0) subcaudals; the number of ventrals plus subcaudals varies from 222 to 247 (233.5) in 87 of these. On 107 specimens the reduction from 19 to 17 dorsal scale-rows takes place between ventrals 89 and 114 (101.8). Sexual dimorphism is evident in the number of subcaudals; there are, on the average, fewer subcaudals in females than in males of each subspecies. The largest specimen is a male C. l. concolor (USNM 46345) from Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, México, having a body length of 893 mm., a tail length of 274 mm. and a total length of 1167 mm. The smallest is a juvenile C. l. dunni (MCZ 49749) from Tegucigalpa, Honduras, having a body length of 162 mm., a tail length of 51 mm. and a total length of 213 mm.
The greatest variation is in coloration. Dark color, or lack thereof, has been used to separate the subspecies of C. lineatus. The ground-color is pale brown, pale olive or white, either with no stripes on the body or with eight to thirteen dark stripes at mid-body. Specimens having dark stripes on the body always have black or dark brown pigmentation on the first, 4th and 7th dorsal scale-rows. In some there is dark pigmentation on the 2nd, 3rd, 8th and 10th rows of scales. The stripes appear on the nape or farther posteriorly, usually on the anterior third of the body, either as a series of spots or dashes that form a continuous stripe farther posteriorly or as a continuous stripe.
The ventrals usually have more or less conspicuous dark spots laterally on those specimens having dark stripes present on the dorsum; spots are absent on all specimens having no dorsal stripes and on some specimens having dorsal stripes. Except for the dark lateral spots (when present) the ventrals are immaculate white. Usually the dorsal ground-color is pale tan, especially on the striped forms. The ground-color is usually palest on the lower dorsal scale rows and darkest dorsally.
Three populations are separable as subspecies; one has no stripes on the body and occurs in the Yucatán Peninsula. The other two have stripes on the dorsum and vary clinally in coloration from the north (Veracruz, México) to south (Costa Rica) ([Fig. 2]). Reasons for separating these widespread, variable snakes into two subspecies are that they are discontinuous in distribution (the population in Veracruz is disjunct from the one that extends from Guatemala to Costa Rica), and that these populations have distinctly different color patterns.
Psammophis lineatus, Günther, Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum, p. 135, 1858.