Illuminated Manuscripts

by John William Bradley

These instances are amply sufficient to prove that in every city in Europe where printing was in full practice the art of the illuminator continued to flourish until the progress of modern inventions and various processes, added to the general cheapening of books, led to its disuse. Its present application seems to be almost solely to diplomas and testimonials, and in point of quality, usually as poor and spiritless as the incapacity of most of its professors can make it.

There seems, however, no reason why the artistic skill and elaborate methods of reproduction of the present day should not produce magnificent books—indeed the “Imitation” of Thomas à Kempis, and other continental examples prove that this is amply possible.

The next few years will probably show that readers are still desirous of possessing beautiful books, and that artists are still found capable of producing them.

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MANUSCRIPTS THAT MAY BE CONSULTED AS EXAMPLES

(Partly taken by permission from the Victoria and Albert Museum Handbook)

CLASSICAL AND EARLY CHRISTIAN
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Vergil (fragment)	......	Vatican Lib., Rome, Cod. Vat. 3225	3rd or 4th cent.	Doubtful which is the older.
2	Vergil	......	Vat. Lib. 3867	4th cent.
3	Rom. Calend.(f.)	......	Imp. Lib., Vienna	„
4	Genesis (f.)	......	„	5th cent.	Gold and silver text on purple vellum; 88 miniatures.
5	Genesis (f.)	......	Brit. Mus., Cott. Oth. B. 6	„	Much burnt in 1731.
6	Iliad (f.)	......	Ambros. Lib., Milan	„	Fine handwriting and clever pictures.
7	Joshua (f. of Roll)	......	Vat. Lib., Rome	......	15 leaves, 32 ft. long, 11 in. wide. Contains from ch. 222 to 1018, brush outlines to miniatures. Rivers, etc., personified in Byzantine manner.
8	Dioscorides, etc.	......	Imp. Lib., Vienna	c. 500-5	Personifications of abstract qualities.
9	Bible of Montamiata	......	Laurent. Lib., Florence	c. 540	Valuable as a theological document, but poor work, and in bad condition.
10	Syriac Gospels	Monastery of Zagfba, in Mesopotamia	„	c. 586	Brought to Florence in 1497. Remarkable Crucifixion, see Byzantine, 1.
11	Terence	......	Nat. Lib., Paris	9th cent.	Copy of a 5th-cent. MS. pen-drawings.
12	Pentateuch	Tours	Nat. Lib., Paris, Nouv. acq. 2334	7th cent.	Called the Ashburnham Pentateuch; 19 large miniatures.
BYZANTINE
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Syriac Gospels	Zagba, in Mesopotamia	Laur. Lib., Florence	c. 586	Shows Byzantine influence.
2	Gospel-book (f.)	Byzantium	Brit. Mus., Add. 5111	6th cent.	Lettering, etc., on gold ground.
3	Menologium	„	Vat. Lib., Gr. 1613	9th cent.	A typical Byzantine MS.
4	Gregory of Nazianzum	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, Gr. 510	„	Fine antique design and composition.
5	„	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, Gr. 543	„	Good small figures.
6	„	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, Gr. 550	„	Good small figures and headings.
7	Evangeliary	......	Brit. Mus., Arund. 547	„
8	„	......	Brit. Mus., Burney 19, 20.	„
9	Lectionary	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 5598	10th cent., end	Fine initials.
10	Chrysostom	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, Gr. 654	10th cent.	Remarkable initials.
11	Simeon Metaphrastes	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 11870	11th cent	Fine ornaments.
12	Evangeliary	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 11838	„	Beautiful headings.
13	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Add. Egert. 1139	12th cent.	Executed for Melisenda, daughter of King of Jerusalem.
IRISH OR CELTIC
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Gospels of St. Columba	......	Trin. Coll., Dublin	7th cent.
2	Gospels of St. Arnoul, of Metz	St. Arnoul's Abbey, Metz	Nuremberg Museum	„
3	Book of St. Columbanus	......	Roy. Lib., Naples	„
4	Bible of St. Kilian	......	Cath. Lib., Wurzburg	8th cent.	Curious Crucifixion.
5	Gospels of “Thomas”	Monastery of Hanow	Pub. Lib., Trèves	„	Signed “Thomas scribsit.”
6	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Cott. Vesp. a. 1	„	Anglo-Irish, with arched frame-border.
7	Gospels of MacRegol	......	Bodl. Lib., Oxford	9th cent.	See Westwood, Palæographia Sacra Pict., pl. 16.
8	Book of Armagh	......	Roy. Irish Acad., Dublin	„	P. 103. Remarkable.
9	St. Chad's Gospels	......	Lichfield Cath. Lib.	„	Fine Anglo-Irish.
10	Lindisfarne Gospels	Lindisfarne Monastery	Brit. Mus., Cott, Nero D. 4	7th cent.	Anglo-Celtic—a very fine example.
CAROLINGIAN
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Sacramentary	Abbey of Gellone	Nat. Lib., Paris, MS. Lat. 12048	c. 750	Symbolism. Given by Ct. William of Toulouse.
2	Ada-Codex	Abbey of St. Mesmin, of Trèves	Municip. Lib., Trèves	c. 775	Written for Ada, sister of Charlemagne, Abbess of St. Mesmin.
3	Psalter of Dagolfus	......	Imp. Lib., Vienna Theol. Lat. 1861	c. 780	Written for Queen Hildegardis, wife of Charlemagne.
4	Evangeliarium of Godescale	Abbey of St. Sernin, of Toulouse	Nat. Lib., Paris, nouv. acq. 1203	„	Written for Charlemagne and Hildegardis. Has gold and silver letters on purple vellum.
5	Sacramentary of Gelasius	Abbey of St. Gall	Abb. St. Gall, No. 348	„	Franco-Saxon.
6	Evangeliarium of St. Angilbert	Abbey of St. Riquier	Town Lib., Abbeville	c. 793	On purple vellum.
7	Alcuin Bible	Abbey of Tours	Brit. Mus., Add. 10546	c. 800	Coronation gift to Charlemagne. Very fine example.
8	Bible	Tours	Cantonal Lib., Zurich	„	Like 7.
9	„	„	Bamberg Roy. Lib	„	Said to be an exact copy of 7.
10	Gospels of Charles the Great (Charlemagne)	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna	„	Found by Emperor Otho III. in tomb of Charlemagne.
11	Sacramentary of Drogo, Abp. of Metz	Abbey of Metz, or Tours	Nat. Lib. Paris, Theol. Lat. 9428	c. 814	The gift of Charlemagne to his natural son Drogo.
12	Golden Gospels of Athelstan	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2788	c. 835	A splendid example.
13	Golden Gospels of Charles the Bald	......	Roy. Lib., Munich	c. 850	Ditto, written in gold letters.
14	Evangeliary of Lothaire	Abbey of St. Martin's, Tours	Nat. Lib., Paris, Theol. Lat. 266	„	Remarkably beautiful.
15	Golden Gospels	Abbey of St. Médard, of Soissons	Nat. Lib., Paris, Theol. Lat 8850	„	One of most beautiful Carol. MSS. known.
16	Bible of Count Vivien	Abbey of St. Martin, of Tours	Nat. Lib., Paris, Theol. Lat 1	„	Presented to Charles the Bald in 850. Miniature of presentation.
17	Bible of St. Paul's	......	Monastery of St. Calixtus, Rome	c. 860	Written for Charles the Bald by Ingobert.
18	Prayer-book (or Hours) of Charles the Bald	......	Nat Lib., Paris	c. 866	Written by Ingobert and presented to Charles the Bald in 866.
19	Golden Gospels of St. Gall	Abbey of St. Gall	Lib. at St. Gall, No. 22	c. 870	Written for Abbot Grimwold, or Hartmut.
20	Psalter of Folchard	„	Lib. at St. Gall, No. 23	„	Written for Abbot Hartmut. Gold and silver initials.
21	Evangeliarium Longum	St. Gall	Lib., St. Gall	c. 920	Written by Sintramn of the “Wondrous Hand.” Profile foliages in gold and silver.
22	Evangeliary	......	Roy. Lib., Brussels, No. 16383	c. 925
23	„	......	Nat. Lib., Paris	c. 940	Large 4°, written entirely in gold letters; 5 miniatures and 12 porticoes.
24	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2904	c. 995	Transition to the style of the Benedictionals.
WINCHESTER WORK AND SIMILAR
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	King Edgar's Charter	Hyde Abbey, Winchester	Brit. Mus., Cott. Vesp. A. 8	966	Style of the Benedictionals of Æthelwold and Robert.
2	Breviarium Cassinense	Monte Cassino?	Mazarine Lib., Paris, 759	......	Tendency to same style colouring as in school of Metz.
3	Æthelwold's Benedictional	Hyde Abbey, Winchester	Lib. of Duke of Devonshire	c. 970	Best example known.
4	Benedictional of Abp. Robert	„	Pub. Lib., Rouen	c. 980	Drawing bold, but colouring unequal to 3.
5	Gospels	......	Trin. Coll., Camb	c. 900	Borders like Winchester work.
6	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2904	......	Fol. frames similar.
7	„	......	Brit. Mus., Tib. C. 7	c. 1000	Init. D on f. 115.
8	„	Winchester	Brit. Mus., Arund. 60	„
9	„	„	Brit. Mus., Arund. 155	„
10	Cnut's Gospels	„	Brit. Mus., Roy. 1 D. 9	c. 1017	Fine example.
11	Leofric Missal	......	Bodl. Lib., Oxford No. 579	10th cent.	Byzantine influence.
MONASTIC STYLES
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Weissobrun Prayer-book	Weissobrun	Roy. Lib., Munich	c. 814	Netherlandish.
2	Gospels	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, 8851	c. 975	Medallions of Emperors Henry I. and Otho I. and II.
3	Egbert Codex	Reichenau	Pub. Lib. Trèves, No. 24	977-93	Beautiful initials.
4	Gospels	Echternach	Gotha Museum	c. 990	Portrait of Otho III. and Theophanu. Jewelled covers.
5	Otho Codex	......	Roy. Lib., Munich Cimel. 58	c. 998	See p. 91.
6	Gospels	......	Brit. Mus., Egert. 608	10th cent.	Branch-work initials.
7	Bernward's Gospels	Hildesheim	Cath. Lib., Hildesheim	993-1022
8	Ellinger's Gospels	Tegernsee	Roy. Lib., Munich No. 31	c. 1056
9	Hortus Deliciarum	Landsberg	Formerly at Strassburg	c. 1175-80	Burnt in 1670.
10	Life of Virgin	Tegernsee	Roy. Lib., Berlin	1173-1200	Written, etc., for the Emperor Frederick I. by Werinher.
11	Plenarium	Quedlinburg	Town Lib., Quedlinburg	1184-1203	Written for Abbess Agnes.
12	Passionale	Arnstein, near Trèves	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2800-2	c. 1194
13	Bible	„	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2803	c. 1190
14	„	Floreffe	Brit. Mus., Add. 17737-8	c. 1253	Chronological tables in coloured inks.
15	Missal	St. Bavon of Ghent	Brit. Mus., Add. 16949	1150-1175
16	Chronicle of Jerusalem	......	Roy. Lib., Brussels, No. 11142	......	Fine miniatures—costumes.
17	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Arund. 157	12th cent.	Transition from Winchester to Othonian.
18	„	......	Brit. Mus., Lansd. 420	„
19	„	......	Brit. Mus., Lansd. 431	„
20	„	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. I D.X.	„
21	Bible	St. Nicholas, of Arnstein	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2798	„	Typical 12th cent. MS.
22	Vauclere Psalter	......	Pub. Lib., Laon, No. 29	......	A perfect type of 12th cent. illumination.
23	Mater Verborum	Scheyern	Roy. Lib., Munich	......	By Conrad of Scheyern, with all manner of diagrams, etc.
FRENCH AND ANGLO-FRENCH GOTHIC
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Psalter of Queen Ingeburga	......	Musée Condé, Ghantilly	1193-1236	27 large miniatures Transitional to Gothic
2	Psalter of Queen Blanche, mother of Louis IX.	......	Arsenal Lib., Paris, Theol. Lat. 165 B.	c. 1220	Hieratic, and transitional to Gothic.
3	Psalter of St. Louis (IX.)	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, No. 10525	c. 1250	Transitional to Gothic. 78 delicate miniatures.
4	Joinville's Credo	......	Nat. Lib., Paris	1287	Gothic portrait of St. Louis.
5	Alfonso Psalter (Tenison)	Blackfriar's London	Brit. Mus., Add. 24686	c. 1284	See article in Fine Arts Qu. Rev., i. 77, and Bibliographica, pt. 4.
6	Bible	......	Brit. Mus., Burney 3 Add. 28126	1225-52	Richly illuminated.
7	Somme le Roy	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 28162	c. 1300	9 large illuminations.
8	Life of St. Denis	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. fr. 2090-2	1316-22	Contains view of Paris, and portrait of Philip V. Drolleries, coloured shading of draperies.
9	Bible	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 1 D. 1	c. 1310-15	Typical work, English.
10	Ormsby Psalter	Norwich	Bodl. Lib., Oxford, Douce 366	c. 1295	English work.
11	Bible	......	Brit. Mus, Add. 17341	Late 13th cent.	A typical MS.
12	Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 7	Early 14th cent.	Drolleries and interesting scenes.
13	Miroir Historiale	......	Arsen. Lib., Paris	c. 1356	Large folio richly illuminated.
14	Louterell Psalter	......	Lulworth Castle	c. 1340	Fine diapered backgrounds.
15	Missal	......	Westreenen Mus., The Hague	1366	“Gouache” painting in miniatures.
16	Chronicle of St. Denis	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, 8395	1375-80	Miniature in gold and grey.
17	Hours of John, Duke of Berry	......	Roy. Lib., Brussels, 11060	Finished 1380	Illuminated by André Beauneveu and Jacquemart de Hesdin.
18	Epistle to Richard II.	Paris	Brit. Mus., Roy. 20 B. 6	1370-80	Fine ivy-branch style.
19	Offices B.M.V.	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2897	......	Prayer-book of Margaret of Bavaria. A typical MS.
20	Little Hours of Berry	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, 18014	c. 1400	113 beautiful miniatures.
21	Psalter of the Duke of Berry	Paris	Nat. Lib., Paris, No. 13091	1401	Contains 24 fine miniatures by André Beauneveu.
22	Grandes Heures de Berry	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. Lat. 919	1409	By Jacquemart de Hesdin, André Beauneveu, and Pol de Limbourg.
23	Heures de Berry	„	Musée Dondé, Chantilly	1410	Considered the finest example known.
24	Poems of Christine de Pisan	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 4431	1400-6	Fine miniatures—costumes and portraits.
25	Talbot Romances	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 15 E. 6	1400	Curious miniatures, portraits of Henry VI., etc.
26	Bedford Offices	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 18850	c. 1435	Richly illuminated. Contains French, English, and Netherlandish work.
27	Bedford Breviary	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. Lat. 17294	c. 1430	Contains English and French work.
28	Pontifical	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 16610	c. 1450	Fine borders.
29	Valerius Maximus	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 4375	„	Northern French and Netherlandish.
30	Girart de Nevers	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. fr. 4092	c. 1470	Netherlandish—costumes, etc.
GERMAN AND BOHEMIAN
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Minnelieder	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. fr. 7266	c. 1300	Hunting scenes, costumes.
2	Wilhelm von Oranse	......	Pub. Lib., Cassel	1334	Written for Henry Landgrave of Hesse. French influence.
3	Picture Bible	......	Lib. of Prince Lobkowitz, Prag	c. 1300
4	Passionale of Abbess Cunigunda	Prag	Univ. Lib., Prag, xiv. A. 17	1312	Transparent water-colour. No French influence.
5	Weltchronik of Rudolf v. Hohen-Ems	......	Roy. Lib., Stuttgart	c. 1350	Old Cologne school.
6	Liber Viaticus	Prag	Bohem. Mus., Prag	c. 1360	Written for John v. Neumarkt, Bishop of Leitomischl.
7	Mariale	„	„	c. 1345	Written for Arnestus v. Pardubitz, Archbishop of Prag (1344-64). Bohemian school.
8	Orationale	„	„	„	Written for same prelate, in French Gothic style.
9	Bible of Emperor Wenzel	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna, No. 2759	......	Executed by order of Martin Rotlöw for presentation to the Emperor.
10	Gospels of John of Oppavia	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna	1368	Beautiful penmanship and ornaments.
11	Wilhelm von Oranse	„	Ambras Museum, Vienna, No. 7	1387	Fine diapered backgrounds, costumes, and armour.
12	Salzburg Missal	......	Roy. Lib., Munich, Lat. 15710	c. 1350	In 5 fol. vols. Splendid colouring.
13	Weltchronik of Rudolf v. Hohen-Ems	......	15710 Pub. Lib., Stuttgart	c. 1383	Large folio. Westphalian school.
14	Durandus	......	Imp. Lib., Vienna, No. 2765	1384	Written for Albert III., Duke of Austria. Illuminated in later Bohemian.
15	Golden Bull of Charles IV.	Prag	Imp. Lib., Vienna, jus. c. 338	c. 1399	Rich soft-leaved foliages. Ornament superior to miniatures.
16	Wurzburg Bible	......	Brit. Mus., Arund. 106	After 1400	Large foliages, fine initials, bright colours.
17	Missal of Emperor Frederick III.	......	Imp. Lib., Vienna	1448	German work.
18	Gospels	......	Pub. Lib., Nuremberg	1498	43 miniatures and splendid borders, etc., by Conrad Frankendorfer.
19	Choir-book of SS. Ulrich and Afra, Augsburg	Abbey of St. Ulrich, Augsburg	Lib., Augsburg	1489	Written by L. Wagner, and illuminated by G. Beck.
20	Miniature of presentation of 19	Augsburg	Vict. and Alb. Mus., South Kensington	c. 1489	Taken from 19.
21	Offices B.M.V.	Upper Carinthia	Brit. Mus., Add. 15711	1513
22	Prayer-book of Albert of Brandenburg	Nuremberg	Aschaffenburg Castle Library	1524	Illuminated by A. Glockendon.
23	Prayer-book of William IV. of Bavaria	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna, No. 1880	1535	Illuminated by Albert Glockendon.
24	Prayer-book	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 17525	1584	School of Glockendon.
25	Splendor Solis	......	Harl. 3469	Late 16th cent.	Astrological diagrams, etc., scenes.
26	Penitential Psalms	Munich	Roy. Lib., Munich, Cimel. Saal	1570	Painted by Hans Mielich.
27	Horæ	......	Brit. Mus., Egert. 1146	Late 16th cent.	Fine foliages and initials.
28	Prayer-book of William of Baden	Strassburg	Nat. Lib., Paris, Nos. 10567-8	1647	2 vols., 8°. Renaissance by Frederic Brentel.
SICILIAN AND ITALIAN
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	De arte venandi cum avibus	Palermo	Vat. Lib., Rome, palat. 1071	c. 1225	Composed by Emperor Frederick II. (1212-50). Paintings of birds and hunting scenes.
2	Offices, “ordo offic. Senensis”	Gubbio	Acad. Lib., Siena	......	Attributed to Oderigi.
3	Legends	Florence?	Canon. Lib.,	c. 1327-43	Attributed to Giotto.
4	Vergil	„	Rome Ambros. Lib., Milan	c. 1310	Attributed to Simone Martini.
5	Durandus	Siena?	Brit. Mus., Add. 31032	c. 1330	Fine work.
6	Aristotle	Bologna?	Brit. Mus., Harl. 6331	c. 1335	Like the “Avignon” Decretals.
7	Stefaneschi Missal	Rome?	Canon. Lib., Rome	1327-43	In same vol. with 3, and attributed to Giotto.
8	Poems of Convenevole da Prato[66]	Naples?	Brit. Mus., Roy. 6 E. 9	1309-43	Bold “gouache” painting. Executed for King Robert of Naples.
9	Breviarium Romanum	Florence?	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2903	c. 1400	Fine initials.
10	Concordantiæ Canonicæ	Bologna?	Nat. Mus., Naples	c. 1350	Allegorical figures and “gouache” painting.
11	Statuts de l'Ordre do St. Esprit	Naples	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. fr. 4274	c. 1354	Executed for Louis I., of House of Anjou, King of Sicily and Jerusalem.
12	Romance of Meliadus	Avignon?	Brit. Mus., Add. 12228	c. 1355	Executed for Louis II. of Naples.
13	Triumphs of Fr. Petrarch	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3109	c. 1370	Small miniatures and initials in older style.
14	„	......	Nat. Lib., Paris	......	Miniatures of triumphs.
15	Joannes Andreae, Lib. VI. Decretalium	......	Abp. of St. Florian	c. 1370	Fine Bolognese miniatures.
16	Glossa Joannis Andreae in Clementinas	Bologna?	Laon, No. 382	c. 1330-43	Very finely illuminated.
17	Rubrics on the Decretals	„	Laon, No. 357	1332	Many grotesque figures.
18	Decretum Gratiani	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 15274, 15275	c. 1375	Exquisitely illuminated.
19	Missale Romanum	„	Roy. Lib., Munich, Lat. 10072	c. 1374	By Nicolaus de Bononia.
20	„	„	St. Mark's, Venice, cl. iii. xcvii.	c. 1370	„
21	„	Florence?	Brit. Mus., Add. 21973	c. 1380-1400	Fine pen work diapers and initials.
22	Latin Bible	Bologna?	Brit. Mus., Add. 18720	c. 1375-1400	Sweet colouring and fine foliages.
23	Hymnarium Heremitarum	Sienese?	Brit. Mus., Add. 30014	c. 1400	Fine initials.
24	Questions on 4 Books of Sentences by Job. Scot, Franciscan	Naples	Brit. Mus., Add. 15270-3	c. 1458-94	Written by Hippolytus Lunensis for Ferdinand I., King of Naples, and finely illuminated.
25	Platonis Opera	„	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3481	c. 1470	Written for Ferdinand I., King of Naples. Finely illuminated.
26	Cæsar		Brit. Mus., Add. 16982	1462	White stem-work.
27	„	Rome?	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2683	c. 1460	Executed for Pius II. Roman Renaissance (1458-64).
28	Petrarch Sonnets, etc.	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3411	c. 1465	White stem-work. Written by J. And. Mussolini.
29	Offices	Milan?	Brit. Mus., Add. 19417	c. 1475	A pretty little volume of Milanese work.
30	Missale Romanum	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 15260	„	Like MSS. executed for the Dukes of Ferrara. Very fine.
31	„	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2875	c. 1480	Of Florentine type.
32	Officium B.M.V.	Florence	Brit. Mus., Add. 15528	c. 1475	A small volume, but rich initials.
33	Missale Romanum	Bologna	Brit. Mus., Add. 15814	c. 1495	Like 32, but finer. Written by Jo. de Lyvonia for one of the Visconti.
34	Josephus	Rome	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3699	c. 1490	Roman Renaissance.
35	Herodean	Florence	Brit. Mus., Add. 23773	1487	Written by Alexander Verazzanus.
36	Scrapbook of cutting's	Rome and Florence	Brit. Mus., Add. 21412	1480-1500	A very interesting collection. Roman and Florentine.
37	Grant of Ludovico Sforza (il Moro)	Milan	Brit. Mus., Add. 21413	1494	Illuminated by Antonio da Monza.
38	Offices	Naples	Brit. Mus., Add. 21591	1500	Written and illuminated for Frederick of Aragon, King of Naples.
39	Prayer-book of Alfonso I.	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 28962	c. 1455	Finest Neapolitan work. Portraits (1416-58).
40	Orations of Cicero	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna	c. 1490	Executed for Ferdinand I., King of Naples (1458-94). Very fine.
RENAISSANCE ILLUMINATION ITALIAN
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Life of Manetti	Florence	Brit. Mus., Add. 9770	1506	Neat in execution.
2	Life of St. Francis	„	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3229	c. 1505	Very fine illumination.
3	Eusebius	„	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3308	c. 1515
4	Life of Manetti	„	Brit. Mus., Lansd. 842	c. 1525
5	Eusebius	Milan	Brit. Mus., Roy	„
6	Missale	Venice	Brit. Mus., Add. 15813	c. 1530	Attributed to Benedetto Bordone.
7	Ethics of Aristotle	Naples or Calabria	Imp. Lib., Vienna	c. 1490-1510	Fine Renaissance work. Elaborately designed frames, and fine miniatures painted in a strong “gouache,” by Rinaldo Piramo, for And. Matt. Acquavira, 8th Duke of Atri.
8	St. Jerome on Ezechiel	Florence	Imp. Lib., Vienna, No. 654	c. 1490-1520	Illuminated by Attavante for Matt. Corvinus, King of Hungary (1443-90).
9	Philostratus (Latin)	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna, No. 25	„	Illuminated probably by Attavante for Matt. Corvinus.
10	Missale Romanum of Corvinus	„	Roy. Lib., Brussels	„	Illuminated by Attavante for Corvinus. Used for admission oaths of Governors of Netherlands.
11	Augustine: Epistles	„	Imp. Lib., Vienna	c. 1495	Illuminated by Attavante for Matt. Corvinus. Signed “Attavantes pinsit.”
12	Martianus Capella	„	Lib. St. Mark's, Venice	c. 1500	Illuminated by Attavante for Matt. Corvinus. Signed. Written by Al, Verazzanus
13	Psalter	„	Ducal Lib., Wolfenbüttel	„	Illuminated by Attavante.
14	Diurnale	„	Laurent. Lib., Florence	„	Illuminated by Attavante or Gherardo.
15	Missal of Bp. of Dôle	„	Pub. Lib., Lyons	„	Illuminated by Attavante.
16	St. Gregory on Ezechiel	„	Estense Lib., Modena	„	Illuminated by Attavante. Signed.
17	Dionysii Opp.	„	Pub. Lib., Besançon	„	„
18	“Gran” Breviary	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, MS. Lat. 8879	„	Probably illuminated by Boccardino il Vecchio, though attributed to Attavante.
19	Hieronymi Breviar. in psalmos	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, MS. Lat. 16839	1488-1500	Written for Matt. Corvinus by Anton Sinibaldi, and illuminated by Attavante.
20	Poems of Eurialo d'Ascoli	Rome	Imp. Lib., Vienna	c. 1536	Illuminated by Giulio Clovio (1498-1578).
21	“Rothesay” Offices	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 20927	c. 1546	Illuminated by Clovio.
22	Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles	„	Soane Mus., London	c. 1536	Executed for Cardinal Grimani by Clovio.
23	Psalter of Paul III.	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, MS. Lat. 702.	c. 1542	Illuminated by Vincenzio Raimondi.
24	Papal Lectionary (Towneley Clovio)	„	Lenox Lib., New York	c. 1546	By Clovio and his assistants.
25	Dante	„	Vat. Lib., No. 365	c. 1555	Illuminated in part by Clovio.
26	Investiture from Duke of Urbino	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 22660	c. 1560	Very fine ornament.
27	Triumphs of Petrarch	„	Lib. of Capt. Holford, London	c. 1550	Fine miniatures.
28	Missal of Card. Colonna	„	Rylands Lib., Manchester	c. 1520	Fine miniatures. Attributed, but without authority, to Raffaelle.
29	Prayer-book	Rome, or Florence	Barberini Lib., Rome, No. 324	c. 1500	Many fine miniatures.
30	Missal of Pius II.	Rome	Chigi Lib., Rome	c. 1460-70	Executed for Pius II.
31	Missal of Card. Corsini	„	Corsini Lib., Rome, No. 1015	c. 1530	Fine framed miniatures.
32	Missal of Card. Cornaro	„	Minerva Lib., Rome	c. 1520	Fine miniatures.
33	“Pavia” Graduals	Milan	Brera Lib., Milan	1530-80	By several artists, especially G. Berretta. Enormous folios.
34	Prayer-book of Albert IV. of Bavaria	......	Roy. Lib., Munich, Cim. Saal. 42	c. 1574	Finest Roman Renaissance, but written by Hans Lenker, of Munich (not a Clovio).
35	Apologia di Colenuccio	Rome	Brit. Mus., Roy. 12, c. viii.	c. 1510	Executed for Henry VIII. of England.
36	Prayer-book Bianca Maria of Milan	Milan	Roy. Lib., Munich, No. 99A	c. 1450	Illuminated by Giovanni da Como. Contains Visconti and Sforza arms.
37	Hours of Bona Sforza of Milan	„	Brit Mus., Add. 34294	c. 1490	Finest Milanese Renaissance, with some Flemish additions.
FRENCH
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	The “Versailles” Livy	Tours	Nat. Lib., Paris, 6907	......	Attributed to Jehan Fouquet of Tours.
2	The “Sorbonne” Livy	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. Sorb. 297	......	„
3	Antiquities of the Jews	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, Resew. 6891	......	Fouquet's masterpiece.
4	Boccacio	„	Roy. Lib., Munich	......	Executed for Etienne Chevalier.
5	Trésor des Histoires	„	Brit. Mus., Cott. Aug. v.	c. 1490	Fine aërial perspective and landscape.
6	Valerius Maximus	Paris	Brit. Mus., Harl. 4374-5	„	A very fine MS.
7	Hours of Anne of Brittany	„	Nat. Lib., Paris	c. 1508	A magnificent example, eclectic in style, with natural flowers and insects in borders, and fine figure-painting.
8	Hours of Claude Gouffier	„	Vicomte de Janzé	c. 1550	Attributed to Jean Cousin. Influence of glass-painting.
9	Offices	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 18853	c. 1530	Probably executed for Francis I. of France. Excellent work, eclectic in style.
9a	Hours of Montmorency	„	Libr. of Count of Haussonville	1549	Same style as 8 and 9, and probably by J. Cousin,
10	Offices	Tours?	Brit. Mus., Add. 18854	c. 1525	Architectural details of School of Tours. Written for Fr. de Dinteville, Bp. of Auxerre.
11	„	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 18855	„	Architectural frames to miniatures as in 10, but larger and more fanciful details, somewhat like 7 in portions.
12	„	Paris	Nat. Lib., Paris, Lot. 10563	1531
13	Epistres d'Ovide	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, fds. fr. 875	c. 1500	Executed for Louise de Savoie, mother of Francis I.
14	Boece	Paris	Nat. Lib., Paris, u. fds. Lat. 6643	„	Fine miniatures with Renaissance architectural details.
15	Epistres	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, 6877	„	Translated by Octavien de d'Ovide St. Gelay. Beautiful miniatures.
16	Petrarch's Triumphs	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 7079	c. 1520	Very fine miniatures of triumphs. Italian influence.
17	Chants royaux	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, 6987	„	Fine miniatures.
18	Chants Royaux	Paris	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 379	„	Magnificent miniatures under Italian influence of Andrea del Sarto.
19	Petrarch	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 225	c. 1503	Miniature of presentation to Louis XII. Many full-page miniatures.
20	Fleur des Histoires	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 54	c. 1505	Executed for Cardinal d'Amboise.
21	Chron. de Monstrelet	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, 20360-2	„	Three large folio vols. Vol. i. contains five equestrian portraits of Louis XII.
22	Les Echecs amoreux	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 143	c. 1500	Executed for use of Francis, d. of Angoulème, and his sister Marguerite.
23	Boccace de claris et nobilibus mulieribus	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 599	„	By same illuminator as 22. Executed for Louise de Savoie.
24	Reception de Marie d'Angleterre à Paris	„	Brit. Mus., Vesp. B. 2	c. 1514	“Avec belles peintures.”
25	Chants Royaux	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, f. fr. 145	1515	Presented in 1515 to Louise de Savoie by the City of Amiens. The miniatures painted in grisaille by J. Plastel, and coloured by J. Pinchon. Contains portrait of Louise.
26	Commentaires de César, Vol. i.	„	Brit. Mus.	c. 1519	Attributed to Geoffroy Tory. Part grisaille. Written in Roman text. See Dict. Miniat. iii. 312.
	Commentaires de César, Vol. ii.	„	Nat. Lib., Paris, 13429	„
	Commentaires de César, Vol. iii.	„	Lib. of Duc d'Aumale	„
27	Dutillet, French Kings, etc.	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, 2848	......	Presented to Charles IX.
28	Hours of Henry IV.	......	Nat. Lib., Paris, Lat. 1171	c. 1595	Peculiar style and colouring.
29	Gospel of St. John	Boisleduc	Brit. Mus., Roy., E. 5	......	Finely written, but not illuminated by Pet. Meghen.
30	“Sol Gallicus”	„	Brit. Mus., Add. 23745	c. 1682	Painted by Pierre Mignard.
31	Psalter	London	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 9	1565	Written by Petrucco Ubaldini, a Florentine.
32	Book of Sentences for Lady Sumley	English? London?	Brit. Mus., Roy. 17 A. 23	c. 1600	Very elegant borders.
ENGLISH ILLUMINATION FROM THE THIRTEENTH TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Offices and Prayers	Westminster	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 A. 22	1240	Imitation of stained glass. Typical MS.
2	Bible in Latin	Canterbury	Brit. Mus., Burney 3	1245
3	„	Salisbury	Brit. Mus., Roy. 1 B. 12	1254	Written by Will de Hales.
4	Tenison Psalter	London	Brit. Mus., Add. 24686	1294	Written and illuminated by order of Edward I.
5	Bible in Latin	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 1 D 1	13th cent.	Written by Will of Devon.
6	Apocalypse in French	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 19 B. 15	c. 1330	See Bibliographica, pt. v. pl. 1.
7	Arundel Psalter	......	Brit. Mus., Arund. 83	„	See Bibliographica, pt. v. pl. 2
8	Psalter of Joan of Kent	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 8	1380	Transition from French Gothic to Lancastrian.
9	Pontifical	......	Brit. Mus., Lansd. 451	c. 1400	Early Lancastrian.
10	Bible in Latin	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 1 E. ix.	„	Large folio. See Bibliographica, pt. v. pl. 4.
11	Breviary	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2975	„	Something like 7.
12	Offices	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 16968	c. 1390-1400
13	„	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 16998	c. 1410	Executed for Anne Mauleverer.
14	Liber Albus	London	Guildhall Lib., London	„	Bracket borders.
15	Liber de Hyda	Winchester	Shirburn Castle Lib.	„	Richly illuminated borders, some unfinished. See Rolls Series. 1866.
16	Offices	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 1	c. 1400-1410	Early Lancastrian.
17	Grandison Offices	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 A. 18	c. 1410	Fine initials with Lancastrian brackets. See Bibliographica, v. pl. 5.
18	Occleve de Regim. Principum	......	Brit. Mus., Ar. 38	c. 1415	Traceried backgrounds in Bohemian manner. Cf. Will. v. Orange MS.
19	Ormonde Offices	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 15	c. 1420	Similar to 17. Called by Humphreys (Books of Middle Ages) Queen Mary's Breviary.
20	Gower's Confessio Amantis	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 3490	„	Lancastrian style.
21	Psalter of Queen Mary	St. Alban's	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 7	1460	Fine English work. Presented in 1553 to Queen Mary
22	Horæ	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 2884	c. 1460	Many mediocre illuminations.
23	Gospels and Epistles, etc.	London	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 12, 13	c. 1508	Given by Stephen and Margaret Jenyns to the church at Aldermanbury, London.
24	Bourchier Psalter	„	Brit. Mus., Roy. 2 B. 14	c. 1458	Contains Bourchier obituaries.
25	Psalter and Canticles, etc.	......	Brit. Mus., Harl. 1719	c. 1470	Good text and many illuminated letters and borders.
SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE
No.	Name.	Where Produced.	Where Kept.	Date.	Remarks.
1	Hours, etc., Lat. and Catalan.	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 18193	......	Netherlandish influence.
2	Offices B.M.V.	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 28271	......	Italian influence.
3	Hidalguia	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 12214	1604	In Genoese manner.
4	Diploma of Philip III.	......	Brit. Mus., Roy. Claud. B. x.	17th cent.	„
5	Patent to Princ. de la Paz	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 1706	1797	Allegorical designs.
6	Ordo Miss. Pontificales	......	Brit. Mus., Add. 30857	17th cent.	Roman text, good initials.
7	Portuguese Missal	......	Brit. Mus., Stowe 597	......	Written for John III., King of Portugal.
8	Hidalguia de Gonsalo de Castro Cepeda	Spain	Brit. Mus., Add. 22143	1578	Granted by Philip II., with his portrait.

[66] Petrarch's tutor.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY