It was first sent into Spain, in 1560: from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, by Hermandez de Toledo, and from the place of its growth it received the name which it still bears.

Drawn and Engrav’d for Carver’s Travels, as the act directs by F. Sanson N. 16 Maiden Lane Cheapside
The Tobacco Plant
Published Novr. 1st. 1779

It was called, by the French, Nicotiana, after John Nicot, who went soon after it was discovered, as ambassador to that court, from Francis the Second of Portugal, and carried some of it with him.

Before the present contest between Great-Britain and the Colonies, about 96,000 hogsheads were annually imported from Maryland and Virginia, which, with the duties on the home consumption, and the returns on foreign export, produced an immense revenue to this country.

The general uses of Tobacco are well known; besides which, it is found nearly equal to the best oak-bark for tanning leather, especially with thinner sorts of hides; and would probably be used for this purpose, were it as cheap as the bark of the oak.

Few subjects have been more copiously treated on than Tobacco: Monardes, Stephanus, Everhartus, Thorius, Neander, Pauli, have each wrote upon it largely. Neander published a volume on this subject, entitled, Tobacologia, and ornamented it with plates, to exhibit its cultivation and manner of preparation; and, lately, Captain Carver published the above-mentioned Treatise on the Culture of this Plant, with a view to instruct landholders in the method of cultivating it with profit, and to this pamphlet I shall refer the reader for further particulars.

Our author died on the 31st of January 1780, at the age of forty-eight years, and lies interred in Holywell-Mount burying-ground.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION,[i]
The Author sets out from Boston on his Travels,[17]
Description of Fort Michillimackinac,[18]
Description of Fort Le Bay,[21]
Description of the Green Bay,[26]
Description of Lake Michigan,[28]
Arrives at the Town of the Winnebagoes,[32]
Excursion of the Winnebagoes towards the Spanish Settlements,[35]
Description of the Winnebago Lake,[37]
Instance of Resolution of an Indian Woman,[40]
Description of the Fox River,[41]
Remarkable Story of a Rattle Snake,[43]
The great Town of the Saukies,[46]
Upper Town of the Ottagaumies,[48]
Description of the Ouisconsin River,[ib.]
Lower Town of the Ottagaumies, or La Prairie Le Chien,[50]
An Attack by some Indian Plunderers,[51]
Description of the Mississippi from the Mouth of the Ouisconsin to Lake Pepin,[54]
Description of Lake Pepin,[55]
Remarkable Ruins of an ancient Fortification,[57]
The River Bands of the Naudowessie Indians,[59]
Adventure with a Party of these, and some of the Chipéways,[60]
Description of a remarkable Cave,[63]
Uncommon Behaviour of the Prince of the Winnebagoes at the Falls of St. Anthony,[66]
Description of the Falls,[69]
Extent of the Author’s Travels,[71]
Description of the River St. Pierre,[74]
Sources of the Four great Rivers of North America,[76]
Reflections on their Affinity,[77]
The Naudowessies of the Plains, with whom the Author wintered in the Year 1766,[80]
The Author returns to the Mouth of the River St. Pierre,[84]
Account of a violent Thunder-storm,[85]
Speech made by the Author in a Council held by the Naudowessies at the great Cave,[86]
Adventure with a Party of Indians near Lake Pepin,[95]
Description of the Country adjacent to the River St. Pierre,[100]
Account of different Clays found near the Marble River,[101]
Description of the Chipéway River,[102]
Extraordinary Effects of a Hurricane,[103]
The Author arrives at the Grand Portage on the North-west Borders of Lake Superior,[107]
Account of the Lakes lying farther to the North-west: Lake Bourbon, Lake Winnepeek, Lake Du Bois, Lake La Pluye, Red Lake, &c.[ib.]
Account of a Nation of Indians supposed to have been tributary to the Mexican Kings,[118]
Account of the shining Mountains,[121]
A singular Prediction of the Chief Priest of the Killistinoes verified,[123]
Description of Lake Superior,[132]
Story of the two Chipéways landing on the Island of Mauropas,[135]
Account of great Quantities of Copper Ore,[139]
Description of the Falls of St. Marie,[142]
Account of Lake Huron,[144]
Account of Saganaum and Thunder Bays,[145]
Extraordinary Phænomenon in the Straights of Michillimackinac,[146]
Description of Lake St. Claire,[150]
Description of the River, Town, and Fort of Detroit,[153]
Remarkable Rain at Detroit,[153]
Attack of Fort Detroit by Pontiac,[154]
Description of Lake Erie,[166]
Description of the River and Falls of Niagara,[169]
Description of Lake Ontario,[170]
Description of the Oniada Lake, Lake Champlain, and Lake George,[172]
Account of a Tract of Land granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and Captain John Mason,[173]
The Author’s Motives for undertaking his Travels,[177]
CHAP. I.
The Origin of the Indians,[181]
Sentiments of various Writers on this Point,[182]
Sentiments of Monsieur Charlevoix,[192]
Sentiments of James Adair, Esq;[202]
Sentiments of the Author of this Work,[208]
Corroboration of the latter by Doctor Robertson[216]
CHAP. II.
Of the Persons, Dress, &c. of the Indians,[219]
An Account of those who have written on this Subject,[220]
Description of the Persons of the Indians,[223]
Description of their Dress,[225]
Description of the Dress of the Ottagaumies, with a Plate,[229]
Description of the Dress of the Naudowessies, with Ditto,[230]
The Manner in which they build their Tents and Huts,[231]
Their domestic Utensils,[233]
CHAP. III.
Of the Manners, Qualifications, &c. of the Indians,[235]
Peculiar Customs of the Women,[236]
The circumspect and stoical Disposition of the Men,[237]
Their amazing Sagacity,[241]
Remarkable Story of one of the Naudowessie Women,[245]
The Liberality of the Indians, and their Opinion respecting Money,[247]
CHAP. IV.
Their Method of reckoning Time, &c.[250]
The Names by which they distinguish the Months,[251]
Their Idea of the Use of Figures,[253]
CHAP. V.
Of their Government, &c.[255]
Their Division into Tribes,[ib.]
The Chiefs of their Bands,[257]
The Members that compose their Councils,[259]
CHAP. VI.
Of their Feasts,[262]
Their usual Food,[263]
Their Manner of dressing and eating their Victuals,[264]
CHAP. VII.
Of their Dances,[266]
The Manner in which they dance,[267]
The Pipe or Calumate Dance,[268]
The War Dance,[269]
The Pawwaw Dance,[270]
An uncommon Admission into a Society, among the Naudowessies,[272]
The Dance of the Indians on the Banks of the Mississippi, referred to in the Journal,[279]
The Dance of the Sacrifice,[282]
CHAP. VIII.
Of their Hunting,[283]
Their Preparation before they set out,[285]
Their Manner of hunting the Bear,[286]
Their Manner of hunting the Buffalo, Deer, &c.[287]
Their Manner of hunting the Beaver,[289]
CHAP. IX.
Of their Manner of making War, &c.[293]
The Indian Weapons, with a Plate,[296]
Their Motives of making War,[297]
Preparations before they take the Field,[301]
The Manner in which they solicit other Nations to become their Auxiliaries,[305]
Their Manner of declaring War,[307]
Their Method of engaging their Enemies,[310]
An Instance of the Efficacy of it in the Defeat of General Braddock,[311]
A Detail of the Massacre at Fort William-Henry in the Year 1757,[313]
Acuteness and Alacrity of the Indians in pursuing their Enemies,[327]
Their Manner of Scalping,[328]
The Manner in which they retreat and carry off their Prisoners,[330]
A remarkable Instance of Heroism in a Female Prisoner,[332]
Treatment of their Prisoners,[335]
The Origin of their selling Slaves,[346]
CHAP. X.
Of their Manner of making Peace, &c.[351]
Account of an Engagement between the Iroquois and the Ottagaumies and Saukies,[352]
Manner in which they conduct a Treaty of Peace,[358]
Description of the Pipe of Peace,[359]
Description of the Belts of Wampum,[362]
CHAP. XI.
Of their Games,[363]
The Game of the Ball,[364]
The Game of the Bowl or Platter,[365]
CHAP. XII.
Of their Marriage Ceremonies,[367]
The Manner in which the Tribes near Canada celebrate their Marriages,[369]
The Form of Marriage among the Naudowessies,[373]
Their Manner of carrying on an Intrigue,[375]
Of the Indian Names,[378]
CHAP. XIII.
Of their Religion,[380]
Their Ideas of a Supreme Being,[381]
Their Ideas of a future State,[383]
Of their Priests,[384]
The Sentiments of Others on the religious Principles of the Indians opposed,[386]
CHAP. XIV.
Of their Diseases, &c.[389]
The Complaints to which they are chiefly subject,[ib.]
The Manner in which they construct their Sweating Stoves,[390]
The Methods in which they treat their Diseases,[391]
An extraordinary Instance of the Judgment of an Indian Woman in a desperate Case,[395]
CHAP. XV.
The Manner in which they treat their Dead,[398]
A Specimen of their Funeral Harangues,[399]
Their Method of burying the Dead,[401]
A singular Instance of parental Affection in a Naudowessie Woman,[403]
CHAP. XVI.
A concise Character of the Indians,[408]
Their personal and mental Qualifications,[409]
Their public Character as Members of a Community,[411]
CHAP. XVII.
Of their Language, Hieroglyphicks, &c.[414]
Of the Chipéway Tongue,[416]
Descriptive Specimen of their Hieroglyphicks,[417]
Vocabulary of the Chipéway Language,[420]
Vocabulary of the Naudowessie Language,[433]
CHAP. XVIII.
Of the Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, and Insects, which are found in the Interior Parts of North America,[441]
BEASTS.
The Tyger. The Bear,[442]
The Wolf. The Fox,[444]
Dogs. The Cat of the Mountain. The Buffalo,[445]
The Deer,[446]
The Elk,[447]
The Moose,[448]
The Carrabou,[449]
The Carcajou. The Skunk,[450]
The Porcupine,[453]
The Woodchuck. The Racoon,[454]
The Martin. The Musquash,[455]
Squirrels,[456]
The Beaver,[457]
The Otter,[464]
The Mink,[465]
BIRDS.
The Eagle. The Night Hawk,[466]
The Fish Hawk,[467]
The Whipperwill,[468]
The Owl. The Crane. Ducks,[469]
The Teal. The Loon,[470]
The Partridge. The Woodpecker. The Wood Pigeon,[471]
The Blue Jay. The Wakon Bird,[472]
The Blackbird,[473]
The Redbird,[474]
The Whetsaw. The King Bird. The Humming Bird,[475]
FISHES.
The Sturgeon,[477]
The Cat Fish. The Carp. The Chub,[478]
SERPENTS.
The Rattle Snake,[479]
The Long Black Snake,[485]
The Striped or Garter Snake. The Water Snake. The Hissing Snake. The Green Snake. The Thorn-tail Snake,[486]
The Speckled Snake. The Ring Snake. The Two-headed Snake,[487]
The Tortoise or Land Turtle,[488]
LIZARDS.
The Swift Lizard. The Slow Lizard. The Tree Toad,[488, 489]
INSECTS.
The Silk Worm,[490]
The Tobacco Worm. The Bee. The Lightning Bug or Fire Fly,[491]
The Water Bug. The Horned Bug. The Locust,[493]
CHAP. XIX.
Of the Trees, Shrubs, Roots, Herbs, Flowers,[494]
TREES.
The Oak,[495]
The Pine Tree. The Maple,[496]
The Ash,[497]
The Hemlock Tree,[498]
The Bass or White Wood. The Wickopick or Suckwick. The Button Wood,[499]
NUT TREES.
The Butter or Oil Nut,[500]
The Beech Nut. The Pecan Nut,[501]
The Hickory,[502]
FRUIT TREES.
The Vine. The Mulberry Tree. The Crab Apple Tree. The Plum Tree,[503]
The Cherry Tree,[504]
The Sweet Gum Tree,[505]
SHRUBS.
The Willow. Shin Wood,[506]
The Sassafras. The Prickly Ash,[507]
The Moose Wood. The Spoon Wood. The Elder,[508]
The Shrub Oak. The Witch Hazle,[509]
The Myrtle Wax Tree. Winter Green,[510]
The Fever Bush. The Cranberry Bush,[511]
The Choak Berry,[512]
ROOTS and PLANTS.
Spikenard. Sarsaparilla,[513]
Ginsang. Gold Thread,[514]
Solomon’s Seal. Devil’s Bit,[515]
Blood Root,[516]
HERBS.
Sanicle. Rattle Snake Plantain,[517]
Poor Robin’s Plantain. Toad Plantain. Rock Liverwort. Gargit or Skoke.[518]
Skunk Cabbage or Poke,[519]
Wake Robin. Wild Indico. Cat Mint,[520]
FLOWERS,[521]
FARINACEOUS and LEGUMINOUS ROOTS, &c.
Maize or Indian Corn,[522]
Wild Rice,[523]
Beans. The Squash,[526]
APPENDIX.
The Probability of the interior Parts of North America becoming Commercial Colonies,[527]
The Means by which this might be effected,[529]
Tracts of Land pointed out, on which Colonies may be established with the greatest Advantage,[531]
Dissertation on the Discovery of a North-west Passage,[539]
The most certain Way of attaining it,[540]
Plan proposed by Richard Whitworth, Esq. for making an Attempt from a Quarter hitherto unexplored,[441]
The Reason of its being postponed,[543]