CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
| Introduction | [xiii] |
| Part I.—Description of the industries and processes attended with risk of poisoning: incidence of such poisoning | |
| Chemical Industry | [1] |
| Sulphuric acid industry (sulphur dioxide): use of sulphuric acid | [4] |
| Its effects on health | [9] |
| Hydrochloric acid, saltcake and soda industry | [14] |
| Their effects on health | [20] |
| Use of sulphate and sulphide of soda | [22] |
| Ultramarine | [22] |
| Sulphonal | [22] |
| Diethyl sulphate | [23] |
| Chlorine, chloride of lime and chlorates | [23] |
| Their effect on health | [26] |
| Other chlorine compounds and their use as well as bromine, iodine and fluorine | [29] |
| Chlorides of phosphorus | [30] |
| Chlorides of sulphur | [31] |
| Zinc chloride | [32] |
| Rock salt | [32] |
| Organic chlorine compounds | [32] |
| Carbon oxychloride (phosgene) | [32] |
| Carbon chlorine compounds (aliphatic) | [33] |
| Methyl chloride | [33] |
| Methylene chloride | [34] |
| Carbon tetrachloride | [34] |
| Ethyl chloride | [34] |
| Monochloracetic acid | [34] |
| Chloral | [34] |
| Chloroform | [34] |
| Chloride of nitrogen | [35] |
| Cyanogen chloride | [35] |
| Chlorobenzene | [35] |
| Benzo trichloride, benzyl chloride | [35] |
| Nitro- and dinitro-chlorobenzene | [35] |
| Iodine and iodine compounds | [36] |
| Bromine and bromine compounds | [36] |
| Methyl iodide and methyl bromide | [36] |
| Fluorine compounds | [37] |
| Hydrofluoric and silicofluoric acids | [38] |
| Manufacture and uses of nitric acid | [39] |
| Its effect on health | [40] |
| Nitric and nitrous salts and compounds | [44] |
| Barium nitrate | [44] |
| Ammonium nitrate | [44] |
| Lead nitrate | [44] |
| Mercurous and mercuric nitrate | [44] |
| Silver nitrate | [45] |
| Sodium nitrite | [45] |
| Amyl nitrite | [45] |
| Manufacture of explosives and their effects | [45] |
| Fulminate of mercury | [46] |
| Nitro-glycerin | [46] |
| Dynamite | [47] |
| Gun cotton | [48] |
| Collodion cotton, smokeless powder | [48] |
| Manufacture of phosphorus and lucifer matches and their effects | [49] |
| Other uses of phosphorus and compounds of phosphorus | [52] |
| Phosphor-bronze | [52] |
| Sulphide of phosphorus | [52] |
| Phosphoretted hydrogen | [52] |
| Superphosphate and artificial manure | [53] |
| Basic slag | [54] |
| Chromium compounds and their uses | [55] |
| Sodium and potassium bichromate | [55] |
| Lead chromate and chrome colours | [55] |
| Their effect on health | [56] |
| Manganese compounds and their effects | [58] |
| Mineral oil industry and the use of petroleum and benzine | [59] |
| Chemical cleaning | [61] |
| Their effect on health | [61] |
| Recovery and use of sulphur | [64] |
| Its effect on health | [65] |
| Sulphuretted hydrogen and its effect | [65] |
| Preparation and use of carbon bisulphide in vulcanising, &c. | [68] |
| Its effect on health | [69] |
| Preparation of illuminating gas | [71] |
| Its effect on health | [74] |
| Coke ovens and risk from them | [77] |
| Other kinds of power and illuminating gas | [80] |
| Producer gas | [80] |
| Blast furnace gas | [82] |
| Water gas | [82] |
| Dowson and Mond gas | [82] |
| Suction gas | [83] |
| Acetylene (calcium carbide) | [85] |
| Their effect on health | [87] |
| Ammonia and ammonium compounds | [90] |
| Use of ammonia and its effects | [92] |
| Cyanogen compounds | [93] |
| Use of cyanide, and their effects | [95] |
| Coal tar and tar products | [96] |
| Their effects on health | [101] |
| Artificial organic dye stuffs (coal tar colours) | [107] |
| Their effects on health | [112] |
| Recovery and use of metals | [120] |
| Lead poisoning in general | [120] |
| Lead, silver and zinc smelting | [122] |
| Spelter works | [125] |
| Lead poisoning in lead smelting and spelter works | [126] |
| White lead and other use of lead colours | [131] |
| Lead poisoning in the manufacture and use of white lead and lead paints | [132] |
| Manufacture of electric accumulators | [134] |
| The ceramic industry | [135] |
| Coarse ware pottery | [136] |
| Manufacture of stove tiles | [137] |
| Stoneware and porcelain | [138] |
| Lead poisoning in letterpress printing | [138] |
| Lead poisoning in filecutting, polishing precious stones, musical instrument making, &c. | [140] |
| Mercury (poisoning in its recovery and use) | [141] |
| Mercurial poisoning in water-gilding, coating mirrors, in felt hat making, &c. | [142] |
| Arsenic (poisoning in its recovery and in use of arsenic and arsenic compounds) | [143] |
| Recovery of arsenic and white arsenic | [143] |
| Poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen gas | [145] |
| Antimony | [146] |
| Extraction of iron | [146] |
| Ferro-silicon | [149] |
| Zinc | [151] |
| Copper, brass (brassfounders’ ague) | [151] |
| Metal pickling | [152] |
| Other Industries | [153] |
| Treatment of stone and earths; lime burning, glass | [153] |
| Treatment of animal products | [154] |
| Preparation of vegetable foodstuffs | [154] |
| Poisonous woods | [154] |
| Textile industry | [156] |
| Part II.—Pathology and treatment of industrial poisoning | |
| Industrial poisons in general | [157] |
| Channels of absorption, classification, susceptibility, immunity | [158] |
| Fate of poisons in the body—absorption, cumulative action, excretion | [162] |
| General remarks on treatment | [163] |
| Industrial poisons in particular | [169] |
| Group: mineral acids, halogens, inorganic halogen compounds, alkalis | [169] |
| Hydrochloric acid | [170] |
| Hydrofluoric and silico-fluoric acids | [171] |
| Sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid | [171] |
| Nitrous fumes, nitric acid | [172] |
| Chlorine, bromine, iodine | [173] |
| Chlorides of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc | [174] |
| Ammonia | [175] |
| Alkalis | [176] |
| Group: Metals and metal-compounds | [176] |
| Lead and its compounds | [177] |
| Zinc and its alloys | [182] |
| Mercury and its compounds | [183] |
| Manganese and its compounds | [184] |
| Chromium and its compounds | [185] |
| Nickel salts (nickel carbonyl) | [186] |
| Copper | [188] |
| Silver and its compounds | [188] |
| Group: Arsenic, Phosphorus | [189] |
| Arsenic and its oxides | [189] |
| Phosphorus | [190] |
| Phosphoretted hydrogen | [191] |
| Group: Sulphuretted hydrogen, carbon bisulphide, and cyanogen (nerve poisons) | [192] |
| Sulphuretted hydrogen | [192] |
| Carbon bisulphide | [193] |
| Cyanogen compounds | [195] |
| Group: Arseniuretted hydrogen and carbonic oxide (blood poisons) | [197] |
| Group: Hydrocarbons of the aliphatic and aromatic series and their halogen and hydroxyl substitution products | [202] |
| Sub-group: Hydrocarbons of mineral oils and their distillation products (benzine, paraffin, &c.) | [202] |
| Sub-group: Hydrocarbons of the aromatic series | [204] |
| Benzene and its homologues | [204] |
| Naphthalene | [208] |
| Sub-group: Halogen substitution products of the aliphatic series (narcotic poisons) | [208] |
| Sub-group: Halogen substitution products of the benzene series | [209] |
| Sub-group: Hydroxyl substitution products of the fatty series | [210] |
| Group: Nitro- and amido-derivatives of the aliphatic and aromatic series | [211] |
| Sub-group: Nitro-derivatives of the aliphatic series | [212] |
| Sub-group: Nitro- and amido-derivatives of the aromatic series | [212] |
| Turpentine, pyridene, alkaloids, nicotine, poisonous woods | [215] |
| Part III.—Preventive measures against industrial poisoning | |
| General preventive measures | [217] |
| International action, notification of poisoning, schedules of poisons | [218] |
| Special preventive measures for workers—selection, periodical medical examination, co-operation of workers, &c. | [226] |
| Rescue appliances | [230] |
| Washing accommodation and baths | [237] |
| Removal of dust and fumes by exhaust ventilation | [242] |
| Preventive Measures in Particular Industries | [256] |
| Sulphuric acid industry | [256] |
| Hydrochloric acid and soda industries | [257] |
| Chlorine, bleaching powder, chlorine compounds | [259] |
| Manufacture of nitric acid and explosives | [260] |
| Artificial manures, basic slag | [261] |
| Chromium and its compounds | [265] |
| Petroleum, benzine | [267] |
| Phosphorus, lucifer matches | [268] |
| Bisulphide of carbon | [271] |
| Illuminating gas, tar production | [275] |
| Gas power plant | [276] |
| Acetylene gas installations | [278] |
| Ammonia | [279] |
| Cyanogen, cyanogen compounds | [280] |
| Coal tar, tar products | [280] |
| Organic dye-stuffs, coal tar colours | [285] |
| Recovery and use of metals | [288] |
| Iron | [289] |
| Lead | [292] |
| Lead smelting | [299] |
| Electric accumulators | [305] |
| White lead and lead colours | [310] |
| Letterpress printing | [316] |
| Ceramic industry | [319] |
| File cutting | [321] |
| Other uses of lead | [322] |
| Zinc smelting | [323] |
| Brass casting, metal pickling | [325] |
| Recovery and use of mercury | [326] |
| Arsenic and its compounds | [328] |
| Gold and silver | [329] |
| Preventive Measures in other trades | [329] |
| Manufacture and use of varnishes | [330] |
| Production of vegetable foods | [332] |
| Wood working | [335] |
| Paper manufacture | [336] |
| Textile industries | [336] |
| Appendix | [339] |
| Index | [355] |
INTRODUCTION
The attempt to systematise from the scientific standpoint the mass of material that has been collected about poisons is a very heavy task, even for the toxicologist who desires to treat his subject comprehensively. How much greater is the difficulty of writing a systematic book on industrial poisoning keeping practical application in the forefront!
Technical considerations which are decisive in the causation and prevention of industrial poisoning are here of especial moment, and must naturally influence classification of the subject-matter when the object is to assist those concerned in factory hygiene.
Bearing this in mind, I have divided the subject into three parts. The arrangement of the first, which gives as complete a statement as possible of the occurrence of industrial poisoning, into industries and processes was determined on technical grounds. The second, which amplifies the first, attempts to summarise the pathology or symptoms of the various forms of poisoning. The references to the literature of the particular subjects—as exhaustive as I could make them—will lighten further study. To these two parts, following on knowledge of causation and symptoms, the third, in which preventive measures are outlined, is linked.