[32] International Encyclopædia of Surgery, vol. i. p. 641.

[33] Spence's Surgery, pp. 800, 801.

[34] Gross's Surgery, 8vo., 6th ed., vol. ii., p. 1106.

[35] Excision of Scapula, p. 33.

[36] Hey's Observations, 3d ed. pp. 552, 556.

[37] Roux's Parallel between English and French Surgery. Translation abridged from Cooper's Surgical Dictionary, p. 106.

[38] Syme's Principles, 4th edit. p. 145.

[39] International Encyclopædia, vol. 1. p. 655.

[40] Observations in Clin. Surgery, p. 48.

[41] Monthly Journal of Medical Science for 1849, vol. ix. p. 951.