So that a vacuum may be produced in it.

How is this accomplished?

By means of two valves in the pump-tree.

What is a valve like?

A valve is like the lid on a tea-kettle, or the cover on an inkstand; and it is kept in its place by a hinge on one side.

Where is one valve placed?

One valve is placed in the lower part of the pump-tube.

How near the water must this valve be?

It must be within thirty-four feet of the water.

Why must the lower valve be within thirty-four feet of the water in the well?