CONTENTS
PAGE [CHAPTER I.—Astronomy.] 9 [The Earth and other Planets] 9 [The Moon] 14 [Eclipses] 18 [CHAPTER II.—Light.] 22 [Color] 22 [Refraction of Light] 32 [Reflection of Light] 34 [The Eye] 38 [CHAPTER III.—Heat.] 42 [Sources of Heat] 42 [Expansion by Heat] 46 [Conduction of Heat] 54 [Convection of Heat] 59 [Liquefaction] 61 [Latent Heat] 63 [Ebullition] 65 [Vaporization] 66 [Evaporation] 69 [Radiation] 71 [Reflection] 73 [Absorption] 74 [CHAPTER IV.—The Air.] 77 [Winds] 96 [CHAPTER V.—Water.] 99 [Springs and Streams] 104 [Fogs and Clouds] 106 [Dew] 109 [Frost] 112 [Rain, Snow, and Hail] 113 [Ice] 116 [CHAPTER VI.—Sound.] 118 [Conduction of Sound] 122 [Trumpets and Speaking-tubes] 125 [Velocity of Sound] 127 [Reflection of Sound] 128 [CHAPTER VII.—Matter.] 131 [CHAPTER VIII.—Attraction.] 137 [Cohesion and Adhesion] 137 [Capillary Attraction] 140 [Gravitation] 141 [Centre of Gravity] 145 [Specific Gravity] 150 [CHAPTER IX.—Motion.] 154 [CHAPTER X.—Mechanical Powers.] 164 [Lever] 164 [Wheel and Axle] 174 [Pulley] 176 [Inclined Plane] 177 [Wedge] 180 [Screw] 181 [CHAPTER XI.—Electricity.] 183 [Magnetism] 187 [Electro-Magnetism] 189
FIRST LESSONS
IN
Natural Philosophy.
CHAPTER I.
Astronomy.
The Earth and Other Planets.
Fig. 1.
What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?