It may here be remarked that the altitudes inserted in some letters from Sir J. Hooker to the late Sir Roderick Murchison, which were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society for 1871, and also most of those given by Mr. Maw in a paper presented to the Geological Society in January, 1872, were roughly calculated at the time when the party were
Table of Altitudes, deduced from Barometric Observations in Marocco.
| Date, 1871 | Hour | Place of Observation | Observed Barometer | Corrected Barometer | Corrected Mogador Barometer | Thermometer in Air, Fahr. | Altitude in Metres | Altitude in English feet | Observations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April | 11 | 10 P.M. | Nahum’s house, Tetuan, second floor | 754·4 | 752·6 | — | 61 | 84·8 | 278 | Assumed pressure at sea level 760 mm. | ||
| „ | 12 | 6 A.M. | Do. | 756·2 | *753·8 | — | 55 | 70·0 | 230 | ⎧ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎩ | * As the river near its mouthcan be only about 3 m. above the sea, a correction of -0·6 mm. isinferred for April 12. | |
| „ | „ | 7 A.M. | Ford, Tetuan River | 762 | *759·6 | — | 60 | 4·78 | 16 | |||
| „ | „ | 10 A.M. | Upper limit of Chamærops | 730 | *727·6 | — | 61 | 374·0 | 1.227 | |||
| „ | „ | 3 P.M. | Ridge of Beni Hosmar | 685·2 | *682·8 | — | 60 | 926·0 | 3.038 | |||
| „ | „ | 10 A.M. | Douar Arifi | 748·5 | †754·5 | — | 70 | 64·5 | 212 | † See note as to corrections of Secrétan’sinstrument after arrival at Mogador. Assumed special correction forApril 29 +·05 mm. | ||
| „ | 30 | 9.15 A.M. | Souk el Tleta | 724 | 729·6 | — | 76 | 360·3 | 1.182 | Assumed pressure at sea level 760 mm. | ||
| May | 1 | 5 A.M. | Camp, Aïn Oumast | 724 | 729·6 | — | 54 | 345·5 | 1.134 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 1 P.M. | Well under Hank el Gemmel | 720 | 725·6 | — | 77 | 410·1 | 1.345 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 2 P.M. | Summit of Hank el Gemmel | 712·6 | 718·2 | — | 78 | 502·4 | 1.648 | Do. | ||
| „ | 2 | 6.30 A.M. | Camp, Sheshaoua | 724 | 729·6 | — | 57 | 347·8 | 1.141 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 1.45 P.M. | Aïn Beida | 720 | 725·6 | — | 80 | 412·4 | 1.353 | Do. | ||
| „ | 4 | 2 P.M. | Marocco: Palace of Ben Dreïs, 40 ft. abovePiazza | 712·5 | 718·1 | — | 78 | 503·6 | 1.652 | Do. | ||
| „ | 5 | 4 P.M. | Do. | 713 | 718·6 | — | 79 | 499·3 | 1.638 | Do. | ||
| „ | 6 | 7 P.M. | Do. | 710·5 | 716·1 | — | 73 | 523·7 | 1.718 | Do. | ||
| „ | 7 | 7 A.M. | Do. | 710 | 715·6 | — | 72 | 529·0 | 1.736 | Assumed pressure at sea level 760 mm. | ||
| „ | 8 | 5 A.M. | Do. | 712 | 717·6 | — | 72 | 504·0 | 1.654 | Do. | ||
| Do. | — | — | — | — | 511·9 | 1.679 | Mean of five observations. | |||||
| „ | „ | 11 P.M. | Camp at Mesfioua | 694·0 | 699·6 | — | 73 | 733·2 | 2.406 | Assumed pressure at sea level 760 mm. | ||
| „ | 9 | 6 A.M. | Do. | 693·5 | 699·1 | — | 58 | 729 | 2.392 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | Noon | Olive Grove below Kaïd’s house, Tasseremout | 667·5 | 673·2 | — | 69 | 1,077·1 | 3.534 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 10 P.M. | Camp by Ourika river, below village ofAchliz | 681·0 | 686·7 | — | 59 | 874·2 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 11 | Noon | Do. | 681·5 | 687·2 | — | 71 | 887·0 | — | Do. | ||
| Do. | — | — | — | — | 880·6 | 2.889 | Mean of two observations. | |||||
| „ | 10 | 4 P.M. | Camp, Ourika valley (Assghin) | 669·5 | 675·2 | — | 72 | 1,044·4 | 3.427 | Assumed pressure at sea level 760 mm. | ||
| „ | 11 | 6 P.M. | Summit of pass to Reraya | 664·0 | 670·05 | 759·7 | 62 | §1,094·3 | 3.59 | ⎰ ⎱ | § Comparison with Mogadorobservations reduced to sea level. | |
| „ | 12 | 6 A.M. | Camp Tassilunt, Reraya | 674·0 | 679·35 | 760·4 | 56 | §963·1 | 3.16 | |||
| „ | 13 | 7 A.M. | Camp Hasni, in Aït Mesan valley | 652·0 | 656·5 | 761·45 | 57 | §1,263·3 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 14 | 10 P.M. | Do | 651 | 656·04 | 760·9 | 59 | §1,274·0 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 15 | 9 A.M. | Do | 647 | 653·77 | 758·8 | 56 | §1,297·4 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 17 | 10 P.M. | Do | 651 | 654·83 | 762·2 | 60 | §1,292·6 | — | Do. | ||
| Do | — | — | — | — | 1,281·8 | 4.205 | Mean of four observations. | |||||
| „ | 13 | Noon | Adjersiman, village in Aït Mesan valley | 622 | 626 | 762·1 | 59 | §1,687 | 5.535 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| „ | „ | 2 P.M. | Village of Arround | 602 | 606·16 | 762·1 | 52 | §1,950 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 15 | 6 P.M. | House, Arround | 597 | 605·5 | 756·6 | 49 | §1,947·5 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 16 | 6 A.M. | Do. | 598 | 606·5 | 756·6 | 46 | §1,926·4 | — | Do. | ||
| Do. | — | — | — | — | 1,941·3 | 6.37 | Mean of three observations. | |||||
| „ | 13 | 2 P.M. | Arround, by comparison with Hasni | — | — | — | — | 1.968 | ⎱ ⎰ | 6,463 | Differences by St. Robert’smethod 686·2 m. and 690·2 m. respectively. | |
| „ | 15 | 6 P.M. | Do. | — | — | — | — | 1.972 | ||||
| „ | 16 | 8 P.M. | Arround, by boiling-water observation, at 202·2Fahr. | — | — | 757·1 | 40 | §1,976·1 | 6.483 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| Same, height adopted on comparison of allobservations | — | — | — | — | 1.97 | 6.463 | ||||||
| „ | 15 | 1 P.M. | Highest olives in Aït Mesan | 632·5 | 640·3 | 757·6 | 59 | §1,488 | 4.882 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| „ | 16 | 9 A.M. | Saint’s tomb below Tagherot pass | 568 | — | — | 39 | ‡2,393·2 | 7.852 | ‡ By comparison with Arround. | ||
| „ | „ | 2.30 P.M. | 200 ft. below summit of Tagherot pass | 498·5 | — | — | 25 | ‡3,439·4 | 11.284 | Do. | ||
| Estimated altitude of Tagherot pass | — | — | — | — | ‡3,500·4 | 11.484 | Do. | |||||
| „ | 18 | 8 P.M. | Camp, Sektana | 646 | 684·1 | 764·3 | 58 | §1,378·2 | ⎱ ⎰ | 4,523 | § Comparison with Mogador. | |
| „ | 19 | 10 A.M. | Do. | 647 | 649·3 | 764·1 | 65 | §1,379·1 | ||||
| „ | „ | 10 P.M. | Camp, Amsmiz | 672 | 675·3 | 762·7 | 58 | §1,018·8 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 20 | 9 A.M. | Do. | 672 | 674·9 | 763·1 | 72 | §1,049·0 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 21 | 9 A.M. | Do. | 672·5 | 676·55 | 761·85 | 70 | §1,024·2 | — | Do. | ||
| Do. | — | — | — | — | 1,030·7 | 3.382 | Mean of three observations. | |||||
| „ | „ | 2 P.M. | Iminteli, Amsmiz valley | 647 | 651·4 | 761·6 | 64 | §1,345·2 | — | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| „ | 22 | 6 A.M. | Do. | 646·5 | 651·0 | 761·5 | 60 | §1,344·0 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 23 | 8 A.M. | Do. | 646 | 651·6 | 760·15 | 65 | §1,348·1 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | — | Do. | — | — | — | — | 1,345·8 | 4.415 | Mean of three observations. | ||
| „ | „ | — | Do. | — | — | — | — | **1,348·8 | 4.425 | ** Altitude by comparison with Amsmiz onMay 21. | ||
| „ | „ | — | Iminteli | — | — | — | — | ††1,346·5 | 4.418 | †† Altitude adopted. Mean of fourresults. | ||
| „ | 22 | 9 A.M. | Halt at base of Djebel Tezah | 629 | — | — | 64 | §§1,708 | 5.604 | §§ Comparison with Iminteli. | ||
| „ | „ | 2.30 P.M. | Summit of Djebel Tezah | 512·5 | 518·0 | 760·85 | 60 | §3,359·7 | 11.023 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| Do. do. do. | — | — | — | — | §§3,340·5 | 10.961 | §§ Comparison with Iminteli. | |||||
| Do. do. do. | — | — | — | — | 3,350·1 | 10.972 | Altitude adopted. | |||||
| „ | „ | 4 P.M. | Upper limit of Quercus Ballota | 565 | — | — | 59 | §§2,490 | 8.17 | §§ Comparison with Iminteli. | ||
| „ | 24 | 5.30 A.M. | Kasbah at Amsmiz | 666·5 | 672·3 | 759·9 | 61 | §1,063·5 | 3.489 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| „ | 25 | 8 A.M. | Kasbah at Mzouda | 694 | 699·5 | 760·1 | 65 | §721·3 | 2.367 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 2 P.M. | Halt near Kasbah, Keira | 688 | 692·7 | 760·1 | 70 | §814·3 | 2.671 | Do. | ||
| „ | 26 | 8 A.M. | Camp Seksaoua | 682·5 | 686·9 | 761·4 | 64 | §879·5 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 27 | 6 A.M. | Do. do. | 683 | 687·2 | 761·6 | 60 | §868·5 | — | Do. | ||
| Do. do. | — | — | — | — | 874 | 2.867 | Mean of two observations. | |||||
| „ | 29 | 6 A.M. | Camp below Milhaïn | 670 | 674 | 760·8 | 58 | §1,035·3 | 3.397 | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| „ | „ | 5.30 P.M. | Watershed between Aïn Tursil and Mtouga | 656·0 | 661·15 | 760·7 | 52 | §1,190·2 | 3.905 | Do. | ||
| „ | 30 | 7 A.M. | Camp by Kasbah, Mtouga | 677·0 | 681·4 | 761·4 | 58 | §940·3 | 3.085 | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | 8 P.M. | Camp, Mskala | 716·0 | 719·8 | 761·9 | 60 | §466·3 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | 31 | 8 A.M. | Do. do. | 715·5 | 718·5 | 762·7 | 65 | §486·3 | — | Do. | ||
| Do. do. | — | — | — | — | 476·3 | 1.562 | Mean of two observations. | |||||
| „ | „ | 5 P.M. | Room 6 m. above Court of Kasbah of Shedma | 720 | 722·8 | 762·9 | 68 | §437·4 | — | § Comparison with Mogador. | ||
| June | 1 | 8 A.M. | Do. do. do. | 720·5 | 722·0 | 764·35 | 67 | §446·1 | — | Do. | ||
| „ | „ | — | Do. do. do. | — | — | — | — | 441·8 | 1.449 | Mean of two observations. | ||
| „ | „ | — | Court of the Kasbah | — | — | — | — | 436 | 1.43 | Do. | ||
| „ | 2 | 6 A.M. | Camp, Aïn el Hadjar | 744·5 | 746·4 | 763·7 | 58 | §154·8 | ⎱ ⎰ | 504 | § Comparison with Mogador. | |
| „ | 3 | 5.30 A.M. | Do. do. | 744·0 | 746·6 | 763·0 | 56 | §152·1 | ||||
travelling in Marocco, and before the necessity for a considerable correction to the readings of Secrétan’s aneroid had become apparent. The difference arising from this and other corrections applicable to the highest points reached by us is considerable, and requires a deduction of about 500 feet from the estimated height of the Tagherot pass, and about the same from the calculated altitude of Djebel Tezah. The corresponding error in the calculated altitudes for the low country stations, e.g. those between Mogador and Marocco, averages about 200 feet.
J. B.
APPENDIX B.
Itineraries of Routes from the City of Marocco through the Great Atlas.
The information respecting the routes here given was supplied by a Jew named Salomon ben Daoud, an inhabitant of the city of Marocco engaged in trading operations with the natives of the portions of the Great Atlas wherein the authority of the Sultan is recognised. In the absence of more accurate reports, it appears desirable to publish this slight contribution to the topography of a country altogether unknown to Europeans, excepting so far as we were able to visit a few of the places enumerated. To assist those who may hereafter seek to follow any of these routes, the names of places inserted in the French map of Marocco by Captain Beaudouin, or in the map annexed to this volume, are distinguished by an asterisk. The distances are reckoned by hours, one of which may be counted as equivalent to four miles in the plain, and to a somewhat lesser distance in the mountain. A day’s journey usually varies from eight to ten hours. The spelling of the names is made to agree with that adopted throughout this work, the vowels having the same sounds as in most European languages, and not those peculiar to our country.