Himalayan Journals — Volume 2 / Or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, etc.

by Joseph Dalton Hooker

SERIES II.—Himalaya of East Nepal and Sikkim.
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Locality Base of Tonglo
Date May 19
Elevation 3,000 feet
Depth 2 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 78.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 67.5 to 67.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm.
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Locality Simsibong
Date May 20
Elevation 7,000 feet
Depth 2 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 61.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 59.0 to 59.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm.
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Locality Tonglo saddle
Date May 21 to 22
Elevation 10,008 feet
Depth 2 ft. 6 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 50.7*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 47.5 to 57.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 52.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.8
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Locality Tonglo summit
Date May 23
Elevation 10,079 feet
Depth 2 ft. 6 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 49.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 47.5 to 53.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 52.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.8
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Locality Simonbong
Date May 24
Elevation 5,000 feet
Depth 2 ft. 6 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 69.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 51.2 to 55.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 52.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.8
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Locality Nanki
Date Nov. 4 to 5
Elevation 9,300 feet
Depth 3 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 51.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 33.0 to 50.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 41.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +9.7
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Locality Sakkiazong
Date Nov. 9 to 10
Elevation 8,353 feet
Depth 3 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 53.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 37.8 to 55.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 46.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.1
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Locality Mywa guola
Date Nov. 17 to 18
Elevation 2,132 feet
Depth 3 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 73.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 41.0 to 85.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.4
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +9.6
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Locality Banks of Tambur
Date Nov. 18 to 19
Elevation 2,545 feet
Depth 3 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 71.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 48.0 to 65.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 55.6
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +15.4
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Locality Banks of Tambur
higher up river
Date Nov. 19 to 20
Elevation 3,201 feet
Depth 3 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 64.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 44.3 to 60.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 51.6
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +12.9
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Locality Wallanchoon
Date Nov. 23 to 25
Elevation 10,386 feet
Depth 2 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 43.5 to 45.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 25.0 to 49.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 37.4
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.6
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Locality Yangma village
Date Nov. 30, Dec. 3
Elevation 13,502 feet
Depth 2 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 37.3 to 38.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 20.0 to 46.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 33.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +4.7
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Locality Yangma river
Date Dec. 2 to 3
Elevation 10,999 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 41.4 to 42.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 23.0 to 40.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 27.9
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.6
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Locality Bhomsong
Date Dec. 24 to 25
Elevation 1,596 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 64.5 to 65.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 42.8 to 71.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 57.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.6
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Locality Tchonpong
Date Jan. 4
Elevation 4,978 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 55.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 33.0 to 54.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 43.9
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +11.1
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Locality Jongri
Date Jan. 10 to 11
Elevation 13,194 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 34.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 3.7 to 34.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 15.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +19.2
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Locality Buckeem
Date Jan. 12
Elevation 8,665 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 43.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 40.0 to 29.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 32.4
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +10.8
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Locality Choongtam
Date May 19 to 25
Elevation 5,268 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 62.5 to 62.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 48.0 to 78.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -0.6
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Locality Junction of Thlonok and Zemu
Date June 13 to 16
Elevation 10,846 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 51.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 38.2 to 57.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 49.8
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.4
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Locality Tungu
Date July 26 to 30
Elevation 12,751 feet
Depth 2 ft. 5 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 59.0 to 56.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 38.0 to 62.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 50.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.7
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Locality Tungu
Date Oct. 10 to 15
Elevation 12,751 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 50.8 to 52.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 34.5 to 53.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 41.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +10.7
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Locality Lamteng
Date Aug. 1 to 3
Elevation 8,884 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 62.2 to 62.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 47.5 to 78.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 57.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +5.3
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Locality Choongtam
Date Aug. 13 to 15
Elevation 5,268 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 72.1
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 54.8 to 82.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 72.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.1
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Locality Lachoong
Date Aug. 17 to 19
Elevation 8,712 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 66.3 to 66.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 43.5 to 68.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 57.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +9.2
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Locality Yeumtong
Date Sept. 2 to 8
Elevation 11,919 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 55.5 to 56.1
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 39.5 to 59.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 47.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +8.6
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Locality Momay
Date Sept. 10 to 14
Elevation 15,362 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 52.5 to 51.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 31.0 to 62.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 4106
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +10.4
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Locality Yeumtso
Date Oct. 16 to 18
Elevation 16,8.8 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 43.5 to 43.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 4.0 to 52.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 30.6
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +12.6
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Locality Lachoong
Date Oct. 24 to 25
Elevation 8,712 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 60.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 39.0 to 62.6
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 52.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +8.2
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Locality Great Rungeet
Date Feb. 11 to 13
Elevation 818 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 65.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 56.0 to 71.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.5
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Locality Leebong
Date Feb. 14 to 15
Elevation 6,000 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 50.8 to 52.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 41.5 to 56.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 46.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +5.4
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Locality Kursiong
Date Apr. 16
Elevation 4,813 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 64.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 63.0 to 60.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.5
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Locality Leebong
Date Apr. 22
Elevation 6,000 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 61.8 to 62.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 54.0 to 67.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 60.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.9
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Locality Punkabaree
Date May 1
Elevation 1,850 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 80.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 68.2 to 78.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 76.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +4.0
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Aug. 15 to 16
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 5 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 62.0 to 62.8
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 58.0 to 66.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 61.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.9
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Aug. 15 to 16
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 7 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 61.5 to 62.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 58.0 to 66.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 61.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.4
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Aug. 20 to 22
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 5 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 61.6 to 61.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 58.7 to 67.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 61.7
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -0.1
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Aug. 20 to 22
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 7 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 60.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 58.7 to 67.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 61.7
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.0
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Sept. 9
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 5 ft. 0 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 60.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 56.2 to 65.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 60.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.2
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Sept. 9
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 7 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 60.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 56.2 to 65.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 60.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.5
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Oct. 6
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 7 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 60.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 52.0 to 61.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 58.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.5
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Oct. 20
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 7 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 58.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 49.7 to 55.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 56.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.0
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date Feb. 18 to 28
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 46.0 to 46.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 36.0 to 52.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 43.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.4
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date March 1 to 13
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 46.3 to 48.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 34.5 to 53.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 46.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.3
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date April 18 to 20
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 55.3 to 56.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 46.0 to 61.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 54.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.7
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Locality Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's)
Date April 30
Elevation 7,430 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 57.4
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 46.0 to 61.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 55.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.4
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Locality Superintendent's house
Date April 21 to 30
Elevation 6,932 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 58.8 to 60.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 48.5 to 65.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 58.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +1.5
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*Sheltered by trees, ground spongy and wet.

SERIES III.—Plains of Bengal
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Locality Kishengunj
Date May 3 to 4
Elevation 131 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 82.8 to 83.0 (Dry sand)
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 70.0 to 85.7 (Dry sand)
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.8
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Locality Dulalgunj
Date May 7
Elevation 130 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 81.3 to 83.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 74.3 to 90.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -0.7
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Locality Banks of Mahanuddy river
Date May 8
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 79.3 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 75.0 to 91.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 83.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -3.7
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Locality Banks of Mahanuddy river
Date May 9
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 87.5 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 77.8 to 92.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 83.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -4.5
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Locality Banks of Mahanuddy river
May 10
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 88.0 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 78.5 to 91.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -5.7
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Locality Maldah
Date May 11
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 88.8 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 75.3 to 91.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -6.5
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Locality Mahanuddy river
Date May 14
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 87.8 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 71.0 to 91.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -4.5
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Locality Ganges
Date May 15
Elevation 100 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 88.0 to 83.0*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 73.0 to 87.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 82.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -5.7
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Locality Bauleah
Date May 16 to 18
Elevation 130 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 87.8 to 89.8
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 78.0 to 106.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 80.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.3
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Locality Dacca
Date May 28 to 30
Elevation 72 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 84.9 to 84.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 75.3 to 95.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 83.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.9
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* Soil, a moist sand.

SERIES IV.—Khasia Mountains.

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Locality Churra
Date June 23 to 25
Elevation 4,226 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 71.8 to 72.3*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 64.8 to 72.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.9
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.2
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Locality Churra
Date Oct. 29 to Nov. 16
Elevation 4,226 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 68.3 to 64.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 70.7 to 49.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 61.7
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +4.5
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Locality Kala-panee
Date June 28 to 29
Elevation 5,302 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 69.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 64.2 to 71.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 67.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.0
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Locality Kala-panee
Date Aug. 5 to 7
Elevation 5,302 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 70.0 to 70.4
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 72.2 to 61.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 64.9
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +5.2
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Locality Kala-panee
Date Sept. 13 to 14
Elevation 5,302 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 70.2*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 65.5 to 69.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 66.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +4.2
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Locality Kala-panee
Date Oct. 27 to 28
Elevation 5,302 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 66.3*
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 64.0 to 56.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 60.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.3
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Locality Moflong
Date June 30 to July 4
Elevation 6,062 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 65.0 to 67.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 61.0 to 68.3
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 64.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.2
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Locality Moflong
Date July 30 to Aug. 4
Elevation 6,062 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 67.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 64.0 to 75.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 68.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.2
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Locality Moflong
Date Oct. 25 to 27
Elevation 6,062 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 63.2
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 63.7 to 55.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 64.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -0.9
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Locality Syong
Date July 29 to 30
Elevation 5,725 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 69.2 to 69.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 60.0 to 78.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +0.1
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Locality Syong
Date Oct. 11 to 12
Elevation 5,725 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 67.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 65.7 to 55.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 62.8
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +4.2
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Locality Myrung
Date July 9 to 10
Elevation 5,647 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 66.2 to 66.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 60.0 to 73.8
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 67.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -1.2
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Locality Myrung
Date July 26 to 29
Elevation 5,647 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 68.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 78.0 to 64.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 71.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -2.8
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Locality Myrung
Date Oct. 12 to 17
Elevation 5,647 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 66.0 to 64.8
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 70.0 to 55.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.4
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Locality Myrung
Date Oct. 21 to 25
Elevation 5,647 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 64.8 to 64.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 66.0 to 53.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 60.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.9
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Locality Nunklow
Date July 11 to 26
Elevation 4,688 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 70.5 to 71.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 65.5 to 81.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 71.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. -0.5
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Locality Nunklow
Date Oct. 17 to 21
Elevation 4,688 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 68.8 to 68.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 75.7 to 58.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 6601
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +2.5
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Locality Pomrang
Date Sept. 15 to 23
Elevation 5,143 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 70.3 to 68.5
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 73.0 to 57.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.9
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Locality Pomrang
Date Oct. 6 to 10
Elevation 5,143 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 68.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 73.7 to 58.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.3
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* Hole full of rain-water.

SERIES V.—Jheels, Gangetic Delta, and Chittagong.
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Locality Silchar
Date Nov.27 to 30
Elevation 116 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 77.7 to 75.8
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 55.0 to 81.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.1
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.7
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Locality Silhet
Date Dec. 3 to 7
Elevation 133 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 73.5 to 73.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 63.0 to 74.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.1
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Locality Noacolly
Date Dec. 18 to 19
Elevation 20 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 73.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 58.5 to 76.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.8
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Locality Chittagong
Date Dec. 23 to 31
Elevation 191 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 72.5 to 73.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 53.2 to 75.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 63.8
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +9.0
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Locality Chittagong
Date Jan. 14 to 16
Elevation 116 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 73.3 to 73.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 61.3 to 78.7
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +8.3
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Locality Chittagong flagstaf hill
Date Dec. 28 to 30
Elevation 151 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 72.0 to 71.8
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 55.2 to 74.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.6
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Locality Hat-hazaree
Date Jan.4 to 5
Elevation 20 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 71.3
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 50.5 to 62.0
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.3
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Locality Sidhee
Date Jan.5 to 6
Elevation 20 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 71.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 52.7 to 70.2
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 65.0
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +6.0
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Locality Hattiah
Date Jan.6 to 9
Elevation 20 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 67.7 (shaded by trees)
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 50.2 to 77.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 64.5
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.2
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Locality Seetakoond
Date Jan. 9 to 14
Elevation 20 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 73.3 to 73.7
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 55.2 to 79.5
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 70.2
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +3.3
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Locality Calcutta*
Date Jan. 16 to Feb. 5
Elevation 18 feet
Depth 2 ft. 7 in.
Temp. of sunk Therm. 76.0 to 77.0
Extreme Temperature of Air observed 56.5 to 82.0**
Approximate Mean Temp. of Air deduced 69.3
Diff. between Air and sunk Therm. +7.2
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* Observations at the Mint, etc., by Mr. Muller.
** Observations for temperature of air, taken at the Observatory.

APPENDIX I.

ON THE DECREMENT OF TEMPERATURE IN ASCENDING THE SIKKIM HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS AND KHASIA MOUNTAINS.

I have selected as many of my observations for temperature of the sir as appeared to be trustworthy, and which, also, were taken contemporaneously with others at Calcutta, and I have compared them with the Calcutta observations, in order to find the ratio of decrement of heat to an increase of elevation. The results of several sets of observations are grouped together, but show so great an amount of discrepancy, that it is evident that a long series of months and the selection of several stations are necessary in a mountain country to arrive at any accurate results. Even at the stations where the most numerous and the most trustworthy observations were recorded, the results of different months differ extremely; and with regard to the other stations, where few observations were taken, each one is affected differently from another at the same level with it, by the presence or proximity of forest, by exposure to the east or west, to ascending or descending currents in the valleys, and to cloud or sunshine. Other and still more important modifying influences are to be traced to the monthly variations in the amount of humidity in the air and the strength of its currents, to radiation, and to the evolution of heat which accompanies condensation raising the temperature of elevated regions during the rainy season. The proximity of large masses of snow has not the influence I should have expected in lowering the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere, partly no doubt because of the more rapid condensation of vapours which it effects, and partly because of the free circulation of the currents around it. The difference between the temperatures of adjacent grassy and naked or rocky spots, on the other hand, is very great indeed, the former soon becoming powerfully heated in lofty regions where the sun's rays pass through a rarefied atmosphere, and the rocks especially radiating much of the heat thus accumulated, for long after sunset. In various parts of my journals I have alluded to other disturbing causes, which being all more or leas familiar to meteorologists, I need not recapitulate here. Their combined effects raise all the summer temperatures above what they should theoretically be.

In taking Calcutta as a standard of comparison, I have been guided by two circumstances; first, the necessity of selecting a spot where observations were regularly and accurately made; and secondly, the being able to satisfy myself by a comparison of my instruments that the results should be so far strictly comparable.

I have allowed 1 degree Fahr. for every degree in latitude intervening between Sikkim and Calcutta, as the probable ratio of diminution of temperature. So far as my observations made in east Bengal and in various parts of the Gangetic delta afford a means of solving this question, this is a near approximation to the truth. The spring observations however which I have made at the foot of the Sikkim Himalaya would indicate a much more rapid decrement; the mean temperature of Titalya and other parts of the plains south of the forests, between March and May being certainly 6 degrees-9 degrees lower than Calcutta: this period however is marked by north-west and north-east winds, and by a strong haze which prevents the sun's rays from impinging on the soil with any effect. During the southerly winds, the same region is probably hotter than Calcutta, there being but scanty vegetation, and the rain-fall being moderate.