FIG. 175.—Tualanpintsis, Yahgan Fuegian (height 1 m. 59, ceph. ind. 81.6);
and his wife Ticoaeli (height 1 m. 40, ceph. ind. 80.1).
(Phot. Cape Horn Scient. Mission.)

The Fuegians (Figs. [48], [174], and [175]) inhabit the southern and western coasts of Tierra del Fuego, as well as the archipelagoes which lie to the west and south of this great island. They form a population by themselves, divided into two tribes, the Yahgans to the south of the chain running from Sarmiento to Mount Darwin, and the Alakalufs to the north of this chain. I have mentioned several facts concerning the somatic characters (pp. [89], [108], etc.) and the ethnic ones (p. [146], note [2], pp. [181], [189], [214], etc.) of the Fuegians. Let me further add that the predominant type among them is that of the Palæo-American sub-race. Their language is not yet classified. The Alakalufs are at the present day reduced to 200 individuals. The Yahgans, who numbered about a thousand individuals in 1884, no longer exist to-day as an independent tribe. The last survivors of ravages caused by epidemics are gathered together in the two missionary stations called Ushuaia (Beagle Channel) and Tekenika; numbering about 90, they are dressed in the European fashion, speak English, and are employed in the various works at the mission.[684]

APPENDIX I.

AVERAGE HEIGHT OF MEN, 288 SERIES (see p. [29]).

Number of
Subjects. 		ETHNIC GROUPS. Height
in Milli-
metres.
LOW STATURES (UNDER 1 M. 60, OR 63 INCHES).
Africans.
38 Akka Negrilloes of the country of the Monbuttus 1,378
64 Kalahari Bushmen of Angra Pequena, etc. 1,529
Asiatics.
42 Aeta Negritoes of the Philippines 1,465
115 Andamanese 1,485
28 Black Sakais or Menings of Gunong-Inas 1,490
36 Jakuns and Mantras of Johor 1,535
25 Ostiaks of the Yenisei (Turukhansk) 1,540
33 Pure Veddahs of Central Ceylon 1,554
99 Samoyeds (of Asia and Europe) 1,555
75 Kurumbas of Wynaad (India) 1,556
58 Irulas (Nilgiri plains) 1,560
33 Malé (Nayar and Arrayan) of Southern India 1,564
32 Japanese (workmen and coolies) 1,570
95 Annamese of Cochin China 1,571
29 Paniyans of Malabar 1,574
26 Cherumas of Calicut 1,574
200 Mal Paharias (Dravidians of Bengal) 1,577
100 Dravidian Bhuiyas of Chota Nagpur 1,577
155 Veddhas of Ceylon generally 1,578
300 Trao Mois of French Indo-China 1,579
210 Ostiaks 1,581
45 Solorese of Flores and Solor 1,582
359 Annamese in general 1,583
457 Mois in general (French Indo-China) 1,585
2,500 Japanese (1,260 of them soldiers) 1,585
125 Islanders of Bavean (between Java and Borneo) 1,587
100 Munda Kols of Chota Nagpur 1,589
1,100 Japanese of the upper and middle classes 1,590
76 Annamese of Tonkin 1,590
56 Laotians of Lower Laos 1,590
76 Sundanese of Java 1,591
90 Bhumij (Bils of Chota Nagpur) 1,592
100 Chakamas (Araknese-Bengali half-breeds) 1,596
29 Timurians (of the western part of the Island) 1,597
Americans.
28 Caribs of the three Guianas and Venezuela 1,572
26 Eskimo of Labrador 1,575
139 Yahgan and Alakaluf Fuegians 1,577
50 Mauhe and Mundurucus (probably Tupis) 1,588
Europeans.
259 Lapps of Scandinavia 1,529
25 Lapps of Russian Lapland 1,555
126 Vogules 1,591
STATURES BELOW THE AVERAGE (1600–1649 MM.,
OR 63–65 INCHES).
Asiatics.
105 Teneggerese of Eastern Java 1,604
58 Battas of Lake Toba (Sumatra) 1,605
27 Rotti Islanders (south-west of Timur) 1,605
30 Siamese 1,607
100 Kurmis (Kols of Chota Nagpur) 1,608
90 Maghs or Arakanese of Chittagong 1,608
45 Sumba Islanders (south of Flores) 1,609
31 Bugis of Celebes 1,609
27 Kulu-Lahulis of Nepal 1,610
45 Dards of Ghuraiz, Hunza and Ghilgit 1,611
58 Tipperahs of Chittagong (Lushai-Kumis) 1,611
83 Baltis 1,612
100 Santals 1,614
25 Southern Chinese Long-Chow (Kwang-si) 1,615
80 Javanese 1,616
100 Kharvars (Dravidians of Chota Nagpur) 1,617
149 Malays of Sumatra and Malacca 1,617
500 Oraons of Chota Nagpur 1,621
15,582 Southern Chinese (principally Hakkas) 1,622
45 Singhalese of Colombo and Candy 1,625
80 Kling Tamils born at Sumatra 1,629
25 Kothas of the Nilgiris 1,629
296 Kalmuks or Mongol Torgots of Dzungaria 1,629
695 Hindus of the province of Behar 1,630
82 Brahmans of Southern India 1,631
26 Nicobarese 1,631
685 Dravidians N.W. prov. and Oudh (Chero, etc.) 1,634
1,443 Dravido-Hindu castes, N.W. prov. and Oudh 1,634
1,616 Malayalim of Southern India 1,634
142 Hindus of various castes, N.W. prov. 1,635
40 Singhalese in general 1,635
387 Kirghiz-Kazaks of the three Hordes 1,638
25 Uru-Kurubas of Southern India 1,639
100 Karens of Lower Burma 1,640
92 Derbete-Kalmuks of Astrakhan 1,646
117 Cambodians (Khmers) 1,648
64 Tamils of Ceylon 1,649
37 Chukchis 1,649
231 Burmese 1,649
Europeans.
4,220 Jews of Russian Poland 1,612
3,313 Chuvashes (3,076 of them conscripts) 1,612
100 Permiaks 1,618
119 Votiaks 1,619
6,607 Sardinians (soldiers) 1,619
1,200 Magyars of West Hungaria (conscripts) 1,619
247 Jews of Kuba and Kutais (Caucasus) 1,621
167,677 Poles of Russian Poland (conscripts) 1,624
6,517 Volga Tatars (principally conscripts) 1,627
1,210 Cheremisses (1,141 of them conscripts) 1,627
31,707 Conscripts of German Switzerland 1,629
500 Corsicans 1,633
132 Austrian Jews of Hungary 1,634
25 Lesgian Udes of Elizabetopol 1,634
32,024 Sicilians (soldiers) 1,635
2,532 Conscripts of Italian Switzerland 1,635
382 Rumanians of Hungary 1,635
61 Jews (Spaniol) of Bosnia 1,636
961 Bielorousses or White Russians 1,636
800 Portuguese 1,637
292 Hungarians (conscripts) 1,637
4,894 Spanish Basques 1,638
1,955 Bulgarians of Western Bulgaria 1,638
2,252 Mordvinians 1,639
890 Lithuanians of Russian Poland 1,639
1,355 Ruthenes of the Plains (Galicia) 1,640
1,771,948 Russians of European Russia (conscripts) 1,642
437 Karelians of Russia (conscripts) 1,642
100 Esthonians 1,642
2,000 Jews of the Ukraine 1,642
4,701 Lithuanians of Lithuania (conscripts) 1,643
1,831 Gruzin Georgians (mostly conscripts) 1,644
344,371 Italians in general (soldiers) 1,645
7,396 Spaniards 1,645
77,579 Magyars of Hungary (soldiers in 1868) 1,646
447,172 French in general (conscripts) 1,646
9,456 Conscripts of French Switzerland 1,646
1,483 Mingrelian Georgians 1,646
33,541 Piedmontese (soldiers) 1,649
Americans.
90 Salishans (Harrison Lake, British Columbia) 1,613
30 Salishans of the Frazer River delta (British Col.) 1,618
28 Guaranis (Kamayuras and Anetos) 1,620
614 Eskimo of Greenland 1,621
73 Zuñis of New Mexico 1,623
54 Moquis 1,629
85 Eskimo of Alaska 1,630
55 Kwakiutl Indians (British Columbia) 1,639
Africans.
50 Mzabites (Berbers of M’Zab, Algeria) 1,620
36 Batekes of the Congo 1,641
Oceanians.
31 Aborigines of the island of New Britain 1,602
67 Papuans of German New Guinea 1,608
156 Natives of the Solomon Islands 1,616
38 Melanesians of the archipelago of New Britain 1,620
40 Australians of Southern New South Wales 1,630
142 Papuans of New Guinea in general 1,640
STATURES ABOVE THE AVERAGE (1650–1699 MM.,
OR 65–67 INCHES).
Asiatics.
32 Kols (of N.W. provinces and Oudh) 1,650
108 Hajemi Persians (principally of Teheran) 1,651
792 Armenians of the province of Tiflis (conscripts) 1,652
40 Badagas of the Nilgiri plains 1,658
362 Osmanli Turks (288 of them in Asia Minor) 1,660
60 Baluchis of Baluchistan 1,662
60 Khatris (Punjab caste) 1,662
72 Chuhras (do.) 1,666
979 Brahmans and other higher castes of the N.W. provinces and Oudh 1,666
56 Tamils of Southern India 1,667
54 Sartes of Russian Turkestan 1,668
33 Aissores of neighbourhood of Lake Urmia (Cauc.) 1,668
74 Kara Kirghiz of Russian Turkestan 1,668
53 Turkomans of the Transcaspian 1,670
54 Chinese of the north (Che Fu and Kuldja provinces) 1,674
38 Sibos (Manchu Tunguses) 1,675
120 Uzbegs of Russian Turkestan 1,683
444 Punjabi in general 1,684
140 Kurds of the Caucasus 1,686
80 Pathans (Punjab caste) 1,687
155 Tajiks and Galchas of Russian Turkestan 1,692
192 Armenians of Transcaucasia 1,694
239 Aderbaijanis of Persia and Transcaucasia 1,698
Europeans.
59,761 Rumanians of the kingdom of Rumania (soldiers) 1,650
226 Abkhasians of the Caucasus 1,650
71 Greeks of the kingdom of Greece 1,651
140 Meshtcheriaks of Perm and Orenburg 1,652
2,012 Saxons of the Halle-Mansfeld district (Prussia) 1,653
61 Gypsies of Hungary (soldiers) 1,654
1,838 Gruzin Georgians 1,654
100 Jews of Bukovina 1,654
84,141 Russians of Asiatic Russia 1,654
35,416 Belgians in general 1,655
493 Dutch of the province of Zeeland (conscripts) 1,655
1,481 Mingrelians 1,656
2,865 Imer Georgians 1,656
1,003 Lithuanian Jmudins (conscripts) 1,656
31 Gypsies of Crimea 1,657
142 Svane Georgian highlanders 1,658
370 Bashkirs of Orenburg and Ufa 1,658
1,305 French Basques 1,658
231 Crimeans of the south coast 1,664
187 Ruthenian highlanders (Galicia) 1,666
20,509 Venetians 1,666
6,909 Thuringians of the Saxon prov., Prussia (conscripts) 1,667
60 Slovens 1,668
200 Ukrainians or Little Russians of Kief 1,669
200 Ruthenes of the Bukovine (soldiers) 1,670
200 Rumanians of the Bukovine (soldiers) 1,673
28 Lesgians (Avars and Kazi Kumyks) 1,676
22,979 Karelians of Finland 1,680
458 Ossets 1,680
1,220 Swedes of the province of Kalmar (conscripts) 1,681
80 Tavastians or Western Finns 1,682
44 Kabards (Cherkesses) of the Caucasus 1,684
9,345 Dutch (conscripts) 1,685
3,000 Danes 1,685
4,964 Sleswickians (soldiers) 1,692
89,021 German emigrants to the United States 1,693
741 Inhabitants of Wales 1,695
41 Gypsies of Bosnia 1,695
176 Tatar (Kabard) highlanders (Caucasus) 1,697
Africans.
32 Arabs of Algeria 1,656
28 Mushikongos of the Congo 1,658
1,103 Berbers of Tunis 1,663
29 Abyssinians 1,669
35 Danakils of Tajura 1,670
52 Berbers of Biskra (Chauia tribe?) 1,673
244 Kabyles of Great Kabylia 1,677
180 Berbers of Algeria 1,680
27 Bashilange of the Kasai 1,680
2,020 Negroes of the United States 1,681
863 Mulattos of the United States 1,682
28 Bechuanas 1,684
25,828 Negroes and Mulattos of the United States (conscripts) 1,693
Oceanians.
50 Aborigines of Southern Australia 1,657
65 Australians in general 1,667
233 Australians of Central Australia 1,670
52 New Caledonians (Melanesians) 1,673
72 Papuans of British New Guinea 1,674
58 Australians of Victoria 1,677
50 Maoris of New Zealand 1,680
Americans.
61 Tinné of the S.W. (interior of British Columbia) 1,658
32 Hupa Indians (Tinné of Oregon) 1,661
121 Ute Indians 1,661
26 Bilkula Indians 1,661
37 Tsimshian Indians (Brit. Columbia) 1,666
165 Shushwap Indians (Salish) 1,670
104 Cherokis of the East 1,677
74 Comanches 1,678
30 Klamath Indians 1,679
59 Chicasaw Indians 1,679
68 Piute Indians 1,683
57 Cree Indians 1,685
147 Apaches and Navajos 1,686
37 Flathead Indians (Salishan Têtes plates) 1,687
32 Papagos of California 1,695
71 Sahaptin Indians (Nez percés) 1,697
28 Ottawa Indians 1,699
HIGH STATURES (1 M 70, OR 67 INCHES AND
UPWARDS).
Americans.
111 Indians of the south of the State of California (Yuma?) 1,700
260 Choctaws 1,700
100 Pimas 1,703
21,645 Canadian soldiers (chiefly descendants of French) 1,703
76 Cherokis of the west 1,712
198 Ojibwas of the south 1,712
41 Pawnees 1,713
92 Delawares and Blackfeet 1,715
79 Micmacs and Abenakis 1,717
315,620 Citizens of the United States born in the country 1,719
29 Maricopas of California 1,722
1,413 Ojibwas of the east 1,723
612 Siouans 1,726
94 Iroquoians or Iroquois 1,727
517 Indians of the United States (chiefly Iroquois) 1,730
91 Omahas and Winnebagos 1,732
213 Crow Indians 1,732
53 Creek Indians 1,735
35 Mohaves of California 1,740
50 Cheyennes 1,745
Africans.
31 Mandingans in general 1,700
25 Bejas (called Nubians) 1,708
72 Kafirs (Ama-Xosa and Ama-Zulu) 1,715
56 Western Zandehs (Mandjas, Akungs, Awakas, etc.) 1,717
56 Somalis (Eyssa, Habis, Awals, etc.) 1,723
30 Toucouleurs or Torodos 1,725
62 Wolofs, Serers and Leybus 1,730
25 For Negroes of Darfur 1,730
35 Fulahs or Fulbés of French Sudan 1,741
Asiatics.
33 Awan (Ghazikhan tribe, Punjab) 1,706
97 Sikhs of the Punjab 1,709
29 Gypsies of Russian Turkestan (Lulis, etc.) 1,719
Oceanians.
25 Polynesians of the Samoan Islands 1,726
414 Polynesians in general 1,730
32 Polynesians of Tahiti, Pomotu, Tubuai 1,733
202 Polynesians of the Marquesas Islands 1,743
Europeans.
605 Dutch of the province of Overijssel (conscripts) 1,701
61 Cossacks of Kuban (Little Russians) 1,701
68 Letts of Esthonia 1,704
232,367 Swedes in general (soldiers) 1,705
1,107 Serbs of the Kingdom of Servia (conscripts) 1,709
763 Bosnian-Herzogovinians (soldiers) 1,710
6,194 English in general 1,712
1,489 Finns of Finland in general (682 of them soldiers) 1,713
325 Dalmatians 1,715
9,979 Swedes of the province of Helsinghe (soldiers) 1,716
8,585 Inhabitants of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1,719
106,446 Norwegians (soldiers) 1,720
346 Irish 1,725
100 Livonians 1,736
1,304 Scotch in general 1,746
134 Scotch of the north (Ayrshire, etc.) 1,782
75 Scotch agriculturists of Galloway 1,792