Common trees of Pennsylvania

by Joseph E. Ibberson; J. E. Aughenbaugh; A. B. Mickalitis; C. L. Morris

COMMON TREES of
PENNSYLVANIA

PREPARED BY
J. E. Ibberson, A. B. Mickalitis, J. E. Aughanbaugh and C. L. Morris

ILLUSTRATIONS BY
J. M. Francis

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
· ·
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA

DIAGRAM SHOWING FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF A TREE
Courtesy of the New Tree Experts Manual by Richard R. Fenska

MEDULLARY RAYS CONDUCT FOOD AND WATER RADIALLY, SERVE IN FOOD STORAGE [PITH] ANNUAL RINGS INDICATE GROWTH, NORMALLY ONE RING PER YEAR LEAVES THE AIR SUPPLIES CARBON, THE PRINCIPAL FOOD OF THE TREE, WHICH IS TAKEN IN ON THE UNDER SURFACE OF THE LEAVES. HEARTWOOD (INACTIVE CELLS) ADDS STRUCTURAL SUPPORT SAPWOOD CARRIES FOOD AND WATER UPWARD CAMBIUM GROWING LAYER, CELLS DIVIDE HERE TO FORM BOTH BARK AND WOOD. INNER BARK CARRIES FOOD MADE IN THE LEAVES DOWNWARD TO CAMBIUM AND STORAGE CELLS. OUTER BARK INACTIVE CELLS FORM PROTECTION FOR INNER BARK SOIL BACTERIA AND FUNGI MAKE AVAILABLE SOIL NUTRIENTS ROOTS ABSORB FOOD ELEMENTS THROUGH THE TINY ROOT HAIRS, ALSO PROVIDE ANCHORAGE

FOREWORD

The purpose of this booklet is to make the reader’s life more enjoyable by being able to identify, through leaf, twig and bark characteristics, the important trees of Pennsylvania at various seasons of the year.

Today, more than ever before, trees play an increasingly important part in our lives.