by
Howard E. Altemus
CONTENTS
| I. | If Themistocles Had Not
Beaten Aristides in an Athenian Election | [13 ] |
| II. | If the Moors Had Won the Battle of Tours | [21] |
| III. | If King Ethelred of England Had Not Married the Norman Emma | [30] |
| IV. | If Columbus Had Kept His Straight Course Westward | [37] |
| V. | If Queen Elizabeth of England Had Left a Son or Daughter | [47] |
| VI. | If the Philarmonia Had Not Given Concerts at Vicenza | [56] |
| VII. | If the Spanish Armada Had Sailed at Its Appointed Time | [64] |
| VIII. | If Champlain Had Tarried in Plymouth Bay | [71] |
| IX. | If Charles II Had Accepted the Kingship of Virginia | [79] |
| X. | If Admiral Penn Had Persisted in Disowning His Son William | [91] |
| XI. | If the Boy George Washington Had Become a British Midshipman | [99] |
| XII. | If Alexander Hamilton Had Not Written About the Hurricane | [107] |
| XIII. | If Lafayette Had Held the French Reign of Terror in Check | [114] |
| XIV. | If Gilbert Livingston Had Not Voted New York into the Union | [121] |
| XV. | If the Pirate Jean Lafitte Had Joined the British at New Orleans | [129] |
| XVI. | If James Macdonnel Had Not Closed the Gates of Hugomont Castle | [138] |
| XVII. | If Abraham Lincoln's Father Had Moved Southward, Not Northward | [150] |
| XVIII. | If Skipper Jennings Had Not Rescued Certain Shipwrecked Japanese | [160] |
| XIX. | If Orsini's Bomb Had Not Failed to Destroy Napoleon III | [170] |
| XX. | If President James Buchanan Had Enforced the Law in November, 1860 | [176] |
| XXI. | If the Confederates Had Marched on Washington After Bull Run | [185] |
| XXI. | If the Confederates States Had
Purchased the East India Company's Fleet in 1861 | [194] |
PREFACE
Whether or not we believe that events are consciously ordered before their occurrence, we are compelled to admit the importance of Contingency in human affairs.