The series is known by the initial as in the native mode of spelling, 反切, Fan-t’sih. The capital letters denote dialects as—
| S. | Shánghái | sound. |
| M. | Mandarin | „ |
| C. | Colloquial | „ |
| R. | Reading | „ |
A GRAMMAR
OF THE
SHANGHAI DIALECT,
PART 1.
ON SOUND.
Section 1. Alphabet.
1. The alphabetical symbols we shall need to employ are the following:—