| 米價 ’mí ká‘, price of rice. | 大人 tú‘ niun, father. |
103. The other class consists of those words that are never used without an adjunct. For example 衣 í dress, not used alone, is found among other combinations in the following.
| 衣裳 í zong, clothes. | 布衣 pú‘ í, cotton clothes. |
So also 猪 tsz, 日 zeh, 房 vong, 禮 ’lí, are found in combination only.
- 猪驢 tsz lú, a pig.
- 過房 ku‘ vong, adopted child.
- 江猪 kong tsz, the river pig (a fish).
- 禮物 ’lí veh, presents.
- 日食 nyih zuh, eclipse of the sun.
104. In construction, the adjuncts unless the rhythmus requires it, cannot be omitted.
- 着衣裳 tsáh í zong, put on clothes.
- 殺猜驢个 sah tsz lú kú‘, pork butcher.
- 日頭落山 nyih deu lok san, sun is setting.
- 租房子 tsú vong ’tsz, let a house.
- 送禮物 sóng‘ ’lí veh, offer presents.
Combination. 105. Substantives are formed of two or more substantives combined in various ways. If the collocation consists of species and genus, the former precedes.
| 柏樹 páh zû‘, cypress. | 茶壺 dzó ú, teapot. |
| 松樹 sóng zû‘, pine. | 鐵蛋 t’ih dan‘, iron bullet. |
| 酒壺 tsieu ú, wine chalice. | 雞蛋 kí dan‘, hen’s egg. |
- 牡丹花 mau‘-tan‘ hwó, moutan pœny.
- 孛相船 peh-siáng‘ zén pleasure boat.
- 堦沿石 ká-íen záh, first door-step.
- 磨刀石 mú tau záh, grind-stone.
- 紅緯帽子 hóng wé‘ mau‘-’tsz, red tasselled hat.