Captains of Fifties: Addison Everett, Tarlton Lewis, James Case, John Pack, Shadrack Roundy.
Captains of Tens: Wilford Woodruff, Ezra T. Benson, Phineas H. Young, Luke S. Johnson,[3] Stephen G. Goddard, Charles Shumway, James Case, Seth Taft, Howard Egan, Appleton M. Harmon, John S. Higbee, Norton Jacobs, John Brown, and Joseph Matthews.
The total number of souls in the camp was one hundred and forty-eight, of whom three were women and two were children. The women were: Harriet Page Wheeler Young, wife of Lorenzo D. Young; Clarissa Decker Young, wife of Brigham Young; and Ellen Saunders Kimball, wife of Heber C. Kimball. Three of the company were colored: Hark Lay, Oscar Crosby and Green Flake, who had come west with the emigrants from Mississippi, under command of John Brown in the summer of 1846. Originally the pioneer company was composed of one hundred and forty-four men, but one, Ellis Ames, was taken sick and returned to Winter Quarters soon after the start. Two of the pioneers were not members of the Church.
Military Organization
In addition to the organization mentioned, on April 17, they were also organized into a military camp with President Brigham Young as lieutenant-general; Stephen Markham, colonel; John Pack and Shadrack Roundy, majors; and the captains of tens, as formerly organized, to hold similar rank in the military organization. Thomas Bullock was appointed clerk of the camp, with some assistants, and Thomas Tanner, captain of the cannon, with the privilege of choosing eight men to assist him.
Division of the Watch
The captains of tens selected forty-eight men for a constant night guard. They were divided into four watches to serve half a night at a time. President Young and others of the twelve were among the members of this guard. As there was danger of Indian raids, orders were given that every man should keep by the side of his wagon and not leave it except by permission, and he should carry a loaded gun always ready for instant use.
Regulations of the Camp
Sunday, April 18, 1847, in the afternoon, President Young met with the captains of the camp and decided on the details for the government of the camp as follows:
“At 5 o’clock in the morning the bugle is to be sounded as a signal for every man to arise and attend prayers before he leaves his wagon. Then the people will engage in cooking, eating, feeding teams, etc., until 7 o’clock, at which time the train is to move at the sound of the bugle. Each teamster is to keep beside his team with loaded gun in hand or within easy reach, while the extra men, observing the same rule regarding their weapons, are to walk by the side of their particular wagons to which they belong; and no man may leave his post without permission of his officer. In case of an attack or any hostile demonstration by Indians, the wagons will travel in double file— the order of encampment to be in a circle, with the mouth of each wagon to the outside and the horses and cattle tied inside the circle. At 8:30 p.m., the bugles are to be sounded again, upon which signal all will hold prayers in their wagons, and be retired to rest by 9 o’clock.”