Carbon-dioxide. A compound gas, or carbonic-acid gas. It is a dielectric.

Carbon-holders. In arc-lamps, the clamps arranged to hold the carbon-pencils.

Carbonization. The ignition of an organic substance in a closed vessel, so as to expel all constituents from it except the carbon.

A destructive distillation.

Carbon Resistance. (See [Resistance, Carbon].)

Carbon Volatilization. In arc-lamps the heat is so intense that it is believed a part of the carbon-pencil is volatilized, as vapor, before being burned or oxidized by the oxygen of the air.

Carbons, Bare. (See [Bare Carbons].)

Carrying Capacity. In a current-conductor, its carrying capacity up to the heating-point. It is expressed in amperes.

Cascade. The arrangement of a series of Leyden-jars in properly insulated stools, or supports, for accumulating frictional electricity. They are arranged in a manner somewhat similar to a battery of galvanic cells, the inner coating of one being connected to the outer coating of the next, and so on through the series.

Case-hardening, Electric. A process by which the surface of iron is converted into steel by applying a proper carbonaceous material to it while it is being heated by an electric current.