ORANGE JUDD COMPANY,
1919
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by the
ORANGE JUDD COMPANY
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
Printed in U.S.A.
[CONTENTS.]
| VII | |
| XXI | |
| [CHAPTER I.] | |
Farming as a Business.— High Farming and Good Farming.—Summer-fallowing and Plowing under Clover.— We must raise largerCrops per Acre.— Destruction of Weeds.— Farming is SlowWork.— It requires Personal Attention. | 9 |
| [CHAPTER II.] | |
What is Manure?— The definitions given by the Deacon and theDoctor. | 19 |
| [CHAPTER III.] | |
Something about Plant-food.— All soils on which plants growcontain it.— The Season.— Water, Shade, Light, and Mulch,not Manures.— Several Definitions of Manure. | 21 |
| [CHAPTER IV.] | |
Natural Manure.— Accumulated Plant-food in the Soil.—Exhaustion of the Soil.— Why our Crops are so Poor.— How toget Larger Crops.— We must Drain, Cultivate thoroughly, and MakeRicher Manure. | 23 |
| [CHAPTER V.] | |
Swamp-muck and Peat as Manure.— Draining Swamp-land.—Composition of Peat and Muck. | 29 |
| [CHAPTER VI.] | |
What is Potential Ammonia. | 31 |
| [CHAPTER VII.] | |
Tillage is Manure.— The Doctor’s Lecture on Manure. | 32 |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] | |
Summer-fallowing.— Mr. Lawes’ crop every other year.— Wheatafter Barley.— For Larger Crops raise less frequently, and ManureHigher; also keep better Stock, and Feed Higher. | 34 |
| [CHAPTER IX.] | |
How to Restore a Worn-out Farm.— The Author’s Farm.— Tillagerenders the Plant-food stored in the soil available.— CultivatedLands contain less Plant-food, but are more productive.— Grassalone will not make rich land. | 37 |
| [CHAPTER X.] | |
How to Make Manure.— We must get it out of the Land. | 41 |
| [CHAPTER XI.] | |
The Value of the Manure depends upon the Food— not upon theAnimal. | 43 |
| [CHAPTER XII.] | |
Foods which Make Rich Manure.— Table giving the composition of 31kinds of Food and the value of the Manure they yield.— Cotton-seedCake.— English and German Clover.— Nitrogenous matter inRich and Poor Foods.— Manure from Corn compared with that fromStraw. | 45 |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] | |
Horse-manure and Farm-yard Manure.— Why the one is richer than theother.— Amount of Manure from a Horse.— Composition ofFarm-yard Manure.— We draw and spread a ton to get 33 lbs. ofNitrogen, Phosphoric Acid, and Potash. | 50 |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] | |
Fermenting Manure.— Composition of Manure when Fresh and in itsstages of Fermentation.— Loss in Fermentation and fromLeaching.— Tables showing the composition of Manure at differentstages.— Fermenting makes Manure more Soluble. | 52 |
| [CHAPTER XV.] | |
Keeping Manure under Cover.— Dr. Vœlcker’s Experiments.—Manure Fermented Outside and Under Cover.— Loss from keepingManure spread in the Barn-yard.— Keeping well-rotted Manure in aHeap.— Conclusions from Dr. Vœlcker’s Experiments. | 59 |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] | |
An English Plan of Keeping Manure.— Box feeding of Cattle.—Spreading Manure at once.— Piling in Heaps in the Field.—Old Sods and Ashes from Charred Sods. | 69 |
| [CHAPTER XVII.] | |
Soluble Phosphates in Farm-yard Manure.— Fermented, the Manure hasthe most.— Over 40 per cent. of the Phosphoric Acid isSoluble. | 72 |
| [CHAPTER XVIII.] | |
How the Deacon makes Manure.— A good plan for making poorManure. | 74 |
| [CHAPTER XIX.] | |
How John Johnston Manages His Manure. Summer-fallows for Wheat.—Does not plow under Clover.— Value of Manure from differentfoods.— Piling Manure.— Applies Manure to Grass-land inFall, and Plows under in Spring for Corn.— His success due to theEffect of Manure on Grass.— It brought in Red Clover. | 76 |
| [CHAPTER XX.] | |
The Author’s Plan of Managing Manure.— Piles as fast as it isMade.— What it is Made of.— Horse and Cow ManureTogether.— Horse Manure for Bedding Pigs.— To PreventFreezing.— Liquid Manure from Pigs.— Bedding Sheep.—Piling in the Field.— Where the Piles should be Made.—Manure in a Basin.— Reasons for Piling.— What we Gain byFermenting Manure. | 83 |
| [CHAPTER XXI.] | |
Management Continued.— Why We Ferment Manure.— Dr. Vœlcker’sExperiments showing the Loss when Manure is spread in Yards.—Fermenting adds Nothing to Manure, but makes it more available.—Mr. Lawes’ Experiments on Wheat and Barley.— Dr. Vœlcker’sResults.— Ellwander & Barry’s Experience.— Loss ofAmmonia by Fermenting.— Waste from Leaching.— How to Savethe Liquid Manure from Cows. | 94 |
| [CHAPTER XXII.] | |
Manure on Dairy Farms.— Wheat removes much more Nitrogen thanCheese.— Manures for Dairy Farms.— Letter from Hon. HarrisLewis.— How to make more and better Manure on Dairy Farms.—How to save and apply it.— Letter from T. L. Harison,Esq. | 101 |
| [CHAPTERXXIII.] | |
Management of Manures on Grain Farms.— Letter from Hon. Geo.Geddes.— Grain on Dairy Farms.— Sheep on Grain Farms.—Visit to John Johnston.— Mr. Lawes’ Wheat-field.— Mr. Geddesand Clover.— Gypsum and Clover as Manures. | 111 |
| [CHAPTER XXIV.] | |
The Cheapest Manure a Farmer can use.— Clover vs. Tillage.—As Plant-Food.— Constituents of a Crop of Clover, as compared withone of Wheat.— Making a Farm Rich by Growing Clover. | 127 |
| [CHAPTER XXV.] | |
Dr. Vœlcker’s Experiments on Clover.— Lawes and Gilbert’s onWheat.— Clover Roots per Acre.— Manures for Wheat.—Liebig’s Manure Theory.— Peruvian Guano on Wheat.— Manuresand the Quality of Wheat.— Ammonia.— Over 50 Bushels ofWheat to the Acre. | 135 |
| [CHAPTER XXVI.] | |
Experiments on Clover Soils from Burcott Lodge Farm, LeightonBuzzard.— Soil from Part of 11-acre Field twice Mown forHay.— Soil from do. once Mown for Hay and left for Seed.—Amount of Roots left in the Soil by different Crops.— Manures forWheat. | 149 |
| [CHAPTER XXVII.] | |
Lawes and Gilbert’s Experiments on Wheat.— Most Valuable andInstructive Tables now first made accessible to the AmericanFarmer.— The growth of Wheat Year after Year on the same Land,unmanured, with Farm-yard Manure, and with various Organic and InorganicFertilizers. | 170 |
| [CHAPTER XXVIII.] | |
Lime as a Manure.— Prof. Way’s Experiments.— The uses ofLime in the Soil.— Lime in this Country.— Composts withLime. | 215 |
| [CHAPTER XXIX.] | |
Manures for Barley.— Composition of Barley, grain andstraw.— Valuable Tables giving the Results of Lawes and Gilbert’sExperiments on the growth of Barley, Year after Year, on the same Land,without Manure, and with different kinds of Manure.— Manure andRotation of Crops. | 227 |
| [CHAPTER XXX.] | |
Manures for Oats.— Experiments at Rothamsted.— Experimentsof Mr. Bath of Virginia.— At Moreton Farm. | 252 |
| [CHAPTER XXXI.] | |
Manures for Potatoes.— Peruvian Guano for Potatoes.— Manurefrom different Foods.— Experiments at Moreton Farm.— Mr.Hunter’s Experiments. | 255 |
| [CHAPTER XXXII.] | |
What Crops should Manure be Applied to?— How, and When?—John J. Thomas’ manner of Applying Manure.— Top Dressing.—Doct. Vœlcker’s Experiments. | 265 |
| [CHAPTER XXXIII.] | |
Manures on Permanent Meadows and Pastures.— Experiments atRothamsted. | 271 |
| [CHAPTERXXXIV.] | |
Manures for Special Crops.— Hops.— Indian Corn.—Turnips.— Mangel-Wurzel or Sugar-Beets.— Cabbages, Parsnips,Lettuce, Onions, etc. | 274 |
| [CHAPTER XXXV.] | |
Manures for Gardens and Orchards.— Market Gardens.—Seed-growing Farms.— Private Gardens.— Hot-beds.—Manure for Nurserymen.— Fruit Growers.— Hen-Manure. | 294 |
| [CHAPTER XXXVI.] | |
Different Kinds of Manures.— Cow Manure.— SheepManure.— Buying Manure.— Liquid Manure.— Nightsoil andSewage.— Peruvian Guano.— Salts of Ammonia and Nitrate ofSoda. | 302 |
| [CHAPTER XXXVII.] | |
Bone-Dust and Superphosphate of Lime.— Bone furnishes Nitrogen aswell as Phosphate of Lime.— Increasing the Availability of Bonewith Sulphuric Acid. | 314 |
| [CHAPTER XXXVIII.] | |
Special Manures.— Liebig’s Views.— Special Manure for Wheatand Turnips.— Rothamsted Experiments. | 320 |
| [CHAPTER XXXIX.] | |
Value of Fertilizers.— Cost per pound of the EssentialConstituents of Fertilizers.— Value of Guanos.— Potash as aManure. | 324 |
| [CHAPTER XL.] | |
Restoring Fertility to the Soil, a Chapter by Sir John BennetLawes.— The Treatment of a Poor Farm, to Restore it mostProfitably.— Meat-making the Back-bone of the System.— TheUse of Sheep to Manure the Soil.— The Feeding of Cotton-seedCake.— Artificial Manures not Profitable on Poor Land.— TheLoss of Nitrogen.— The Formation of Nitric Acid. | 342 |
| [APPENDIX.] | |
Letter from Edward Jessop.— From Dr. E. L. Sturtevant.—From M. C. Weld.— From Peter Henderson.— FromJ. B. M. Anderson.— Manure Statistics of LongIsland.— Letter from J. H. Rushmore.— Letter from JohnE. Backus.— Manure in Philadelphia.— Various otherLetters. | 352 |
| 342 | |
| 361 | |
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