[13] See Eusebius, ii., 15, and iii., 40, for the words of Papias, and ii., 25, for the testimony of Dionysius.
[14] Letter to Romans, iv.
[15] Even the names and order are given differently in early writers. I follow, as is now usual, the order given by Epiphanius (xxvii., 6) and Irenæus.
[16] Bunsen's four-volume Hippolytus and his Age (1852) was sharply attacked by Döllinger (Hippolytus and Callistus, English translation, 1876) and more judiciously handled by G.B. de Rossi in his Bulletino di Archeologia Cristiana (1866, pp. 1-33). Milman (History of Latin Christianity, vol. i.) and Ch. Wordsworth (St. Hippolytus and the Church of Rome, 1853) supported Bunsen. The work itself is translated in The Ante-Nicene Library, vol. vi.
[17] This anonymous catalogue of the Popes, which I must often quote, is a quaint mixture of accurate archives and inaccurate rumours. The first part seems to have been written in the sixth century, and it was continued as a semi-official record. See the Introduction to Duchesne's edition.
[18] Fuscianus was Prefect between the years 186 and 189, so that we have an approximate date of these events.
[19] De Pudicitia, i. Döllinger, on no apparent ground, and against all probability, refers this to Zephyrin, and some older writers think that the indignant Puritan is quoting an African bishop. We must agree with De Rossi that Tertullian has Callistus in mind, especially when we find Hippolytus saying that he was "the first" to do this. An earlier attempt of an Eastern bishop might easily have escaped Hippolytus.
[20] Vol. vi., p. 346. This is a fair, if inelegant, rendering of the Greek text given by Duncker and Schneidewin in their edition of the Refutation, and it corresponds with the Latin translation given by those editors and with De Rossi. Döllinger is alone in his interpretation.
[21] Confessions, viii., 2.
[22] XLVIII.