8. What is the ratio of the velocities of shot, when of different weights, but fired with similar charges?
The velocities are inversely as the square roots of their weights.
9. What is the ratio of the velocities of shot of equal weights when fired with different charges of powder?
The velocities are directly as the square roots of the charges.
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10. How may the velocity be increased without augmenting the charge of powder?
By decreasing the windage; the loss of velocity by a given windage being directly as the windage. From 1-8 to 1-12 is lost by a windage of 1-40 diameter.
11. What is meant by the time of flight of a shot or shell?
The time during which it is passing through the air from the piece to the first graze.
12. When firing with common shells at 45° elevation, how is the time of flight found?