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9. What influence has the charge on the point-blank range?
An increase of the charge determines a more distant point-blank; its diminution produces a contrary effect: but beyond a charge equal to one-third the weight of the ball, the increase of range is inconsiderable, and the force of the recoil becomes very great.
10. How do the diameter and weight of the projectile affect the range?
As the ball increases in size and density, it will overcome with more ease the resistance of the air.
11. Does the inclination of the line of sight to the horizon have much effect on the point-blank range?
Only when this inclination is very considerable. For the ordinary inclination, from 0° to 15°, above or below the horizon, the difference may be wholly neglected.
12. What is the effect on the point-blank range of firing upwards under a large angle?
The action of the weight being nearly directly opposed to the impulsive force, the trajectory becomes compressed and the point-blank distance diminishes. The contrary effect obtains in firing downwards under a similar angle, as the weight and the force then act in nearly the same direction.
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