Approximate Accurate

 Equivalent. Equivalent.
1 inch [length] 2-1/2 cubic centimeters 2.539
1 centimeter 0.4 inch 0.393
1 yard 1 meter 0.914
1 meter (39.37 inches) l yard 1.093
1 foot 30 centimeters 30.479
1 kilometer (1,000 meters) 5/8 mile 0.621
1 mile 1-1/2 kilometers 1.600
1 gramme [weight] 15-1/2 grains 15.432
1 grain 0.064 gramme 0.064
1 kilogramme (1,000 grammes) 2.2 pounds avoirdupois. 2.204
1 pound avoirdupois 1/2 kilogramme 0.453
1 ounce avoirdupois (437-1/2 grains) 28-1/3 grammes 28.349
1 ounce troy, or apothecary (480 grains) 31 grammes 31.103
1 cubic centimeter [bulk] 1.06 cubic inch. 0.060
1 cubic inch 16-1/3 cubic centimeters 16.386
1 liter (1,000 cubic centimeters). 1 United States standard quart 0.946
1 United States quart. 1 liter 1.057
1 fluid ounce 29-1/2 cubic centimeters 29.570
1 hectare (10,000 square meters) [surface] 2-1/2 acres 2.471
1 acre 0.4 hectare 0.40

[Transcriber's noted: 1 inch is about 2-1/2 centimeters, not cubic
centimeters. 1 cubic centimeter is about 0.06102 cubic inch (not 1.06).]
HANDY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
One quart of wheat flour is one pound. One quart of corn meal weighs
eighteen ounces. One quart of butter, soft, weighs 14 to 16 ounces. One
quart of brown sugar weighs from a pound to a pound and a quarter,
according to dampness. One quart of white sugar weighs 2 pounds. Ten
medium-sized eggs weigh one pound. A tablespoonful of salt is one ounce.
Eight tablespoonfuls make 1 gill. Two gills, or 16 tablespoonfuls, are
half a pint. Sixty drops are one teaspoonful. Four tablespoonfuls are
one wineglassful. Twelve tablespoonfuls are one teacupful. Sixteen
tablespoonfuls or half a pint, are one tumblerful.
The Meaning of Measures.--A square mile is equal to 640 acres. A square
acre is 208.71 feet on one side. An acre is 43,560 square feet. A
league, 3 miles. A span, 10-7/8 inches. A hand, 4 inches. A palm, 3
inches. A great cubit, 11 inches. A fathom, 6 feet. A mile, 5,280 feet.
Domestic and Drop Measures Approximated.--A teaspoonful, one fluid dram
4 grams; a dessertspoonful, two fluid drams 3 grams; a tablespoonful,
half fluid ounce 16 grams; a wineglassful, two fluid ounces 64 grams; a
tumblerful, half pint 256 grams.
TO TELL THE AGE OF ANY PERSON.
Hand this table to a young lady, and request her to tell you in which
column or columns her age is contained, and add together the figures at
the top of the columns in which her age is found, and you have the
secret. Thus, suppose her age to be seventeen, you will find that number
in the first and fifth columns: add the first figures of these two
columns.

12481632
33591733
566101834
77711l935
91012122036
111113132137
131414142238
151515152339
171820242440
191921252541
212222262641
232323272743
252628282844
272729292945
293030303046
313131313147
333436404848
353537414949
373838425050
393939435151
414244445252
434345455353
454646465454
474747475555
495052565656
515153575757
535454585858
555555595959
575860606060
595961616161
616262626262
636363636363

DR. SPURZHEIM'S PHRENOLOGY.
The first claim put forth by the teachers and professional demonstrators
of phrenology makes it a system of mental philosophy, besides at the
same time presenting a much more popular aspect as a method whereby the
disposition, character and natural aptitude of the individual may be
ascertained.

These two features of the subject are quite distinct from each other,
for, while it can serve as a reliable guide for reading character only
on the assumption of its truth as a philosophic system, yet the
possibility of its practical application does not necessarily follow
from the establishment of the truth of its theoretical side.
Two of the earliest founders of the science of anatomy, Erasistratus and
Herophilus, who lived in the age of Ptolemy Soter, taught that the brain
was the seat of sensation and intellect, and that there was therein a
certain degree of localization of function. Galen later taught that the
brain is the seat of the soul and intellect. From these facts of history
the system of phrenology, though formulated by Dr. Gall, Dr. Spurzheim,
the Fowler Brothers and others, rests upon deductions derived from the
teachings of the demonstrators of anatomy and students of philosophy.
The formulated system of phrenology is very generally believed to be a
modern expansion of an old empirical philosophy, but, according to Dr.
Gall's account, it arose with him as the result of independent
observations. The popularity of phrenology has waned in the public mind,
and cultivation of the system is confined to a few enthusiasts, such as
pose as teachers of it as a vocation. These claim that phrenology is a
practical and important science and that it rests upon the following
principles:
First--That the human brain is the organ of the mind.
Second--That the mental powers of man can be analyzed into a definite
number of measurably independent faculties.
Third--That these faculties are innate, and each has its seat in a
definite region of the brain.
Fourth--That the size of each of these regions is the measure of the
power of manifesting the faculty associated with it.
The faculties and their localities, as originally constructed by Dr.
Gall, were for the most part identified on slender grounds. His
procedure was as follows: Having selected the place of a faculty, he
examined the heads of his friends and casts of persons with that
peculiarity in common, and in them sought for the distinctive feature of
their characteristic trait. Some of his earlier studies were among low
associates in jails and lunatic asylums, and some of the qualities
located by him were such as tend to perversion to crime. These he named
after their excessive manifestations, and thus mapped out organs of
theft, murder, etc. This, however, caused the system to be discredited.
Later his pupil, Dr. Spurzheim, claimed that the moral and religious
features belonging to it greatly modified these characteristics of Dr.
Gall's work. The chart of the human head as invented by Dr. Gall
represented 26 organs; the chart as improved by Dr. Spurzheim makes out
35 organs. This is the chart now generally used and which is shown on a
preceding page. The number specifies the location of each organ, which
is followed by its phrenological name, and classified as follows:
Propensities. (1) Amativeness. (2) Philoprogenitiveness. (3)
Concentrativeness. (4) Adhesiveness. (5) Combativeness. (6)
Destructiveness. (6a) Alimentiveness. (7) Secretiveness. (8)
Acquisitiveness. (9) Constructiveness.
Lower Sentiments. (10) Self-esteem. (11) Love of Approbation. (12)
Cautiousness.
Superior Sentiments. (13) Benevolence. (14) Veneration. (15)
Conscientiousness. (16) Firmness. (17) Hope. (18) Wonder. (19) Ideality.
(20) Wit. (21) Imitation.
Perceptive Faculties. (22) Individuality. (23) Form. (24) Size. (25)
Weight. (26) Color. (27) Locality. (28) Number. (29) Order. (30)
Eventuality. (31) Time. (32) Tune. (33) Language.
Reflective Faculties. (34) Comparison. (35) Causality. The judgment of
the phrenologist is determined by the size of the brain in general, and
by the size of the organs that have been formulated, and these are
estimated by certain arbitrary rules that render the boundaries of the
regions indefinite.
The controversy over phrenology has served undoubtedly the very useful
purpose of stimulating research into the anatomy of the brain.
It is generally conceded that any psychological theory which correlates
brain-action and mental phenomena requires a correspondence between the
size of the brain and mental power, and generally observation shows that
the brains of those whose capacities are above the average are larger
than those of the general run of their fellow men.
A study of the cuts and comparison of the sizes of different heads and
their shape will prove very entertaining with most any group of persons
intellectually inclined, and it will be found that persons who are
naturally good readers by instinct of human nature can, with its help,
make remarkable readings in the delineation of character.
PRINCIPLES OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW.
List of Motions Arranged According to Their Purpose and Effect.
[Letters refer to the rules below.]
Modifying or amending.
8. To amend or to substitute, or to divide the question K
To refer to committee.
7. To commit (or recommit) D
Deferring action.
6. To postpone to a fixed time. C
4. To lay on the table A E G
Suppressing or extending debate
5. For the previous question A E M
To limit, or close debate A M
To extend limits of debate. A
Suppressing the question.
Objection to consideration of question A H M N
9. To postpone indefinitely. D E
4. To lay upon the table. A E G
To bring up a question the second time.
To reconsider--
Debatable question D E F I
Undebatable question A E F I
Concerning orders, rules, etc.
3. For the orders of the day. A E H N
To make subject a special order M
To amend the rules M
To suspend the rules A E F M
To take up a question out of its proper order A E
To take from the table A E G
Questions touching priority of business A
Questions of privilege.
Asking leave to continue speaking after indecorum A
Appeal from chair's decision touching indecorum A E H L
Appeal from chair's decision generally. E H L
Question upon reading of papers. A E
Withdrawal of a motion. A E
Closing a meeting.
2. To adjourn (in committees, to rise),
or to take a recess, without limitation A E F
1. To fix the time to which to adjourn B
Order of Precedence--The motions above numbered 1 to 9 take precedence
over all others in the order of the numbers, and anyone of them, except
to amend or substitute, is in order while a motion of a lower rank is
pending.
Rule A--Undebatable, but remarks may be tacitly allowed.
Rule B--Undebatable if another question is before the assembly.
Rule C--Limited debate allowed on propriety of postponement only.
Rule D--Opens the main question to debate. Motions not so marked do not
allow of reference to main question.
Rule E--Cannot be amended. Motion to adjourn can be amended when there
is no other business before the house.
Rule F--Cannot be reconsidered.
Rule G--An affirmative vote cannot be reconsidered,
Rule H--In order when another has the floor.
Rule I--A motion to reconsider may be moved and entered when another has
the floor, but the business then before the house may not be set aside.
This motion can only be entertained when made by one who voted
originally with the prevailing side. When called up it takes precedence
of all others which may come up, excepting only motions relating to
adjournment.
Rule K--A motion to amend an amendment cannot be amended.
Rule L--When an appeal from the chair's decision results in a tie vote,
the chair is sustained.
Rule M--Requires a two-thirds vote unless special rules have been
enacted.
Rule N--Does not require to be seconded.
General Rules.
No motion is open for discussion until it has been stated by the chair.
The maker of a motion cannot modify it or withdraw it after it has been
stated by the chair except by general consent.
Only one reconsideration of a question is permitted.
A motion to adjourn, to lay on the table, or to take from the table,
cannot be renewed unless some other motion has been made in the
interval.
On motion to strike out the words, "Shall the words stand part of the
motion?" unless a majority sustains the words, they are struck out.
On motion for previous question, the form to be observed is, "Shall the
main question be now put?" This, if carried, ends debate.
On an appeal from the chair's decision, "Shall the decision be sustained
as the ruling of the house?" The chair is generally sustained.
On motion for orders of the day, "Will the house now proceed to the
orders of the day?" This, if carried, supersedes intervening motions.
When an objection is raised to considering questions, "Shall the
question be considered?" Objections may be made by any member before
debate has commenced, but not subsequently.
LETTER COMBINATIONS.
When King Stanislaus of Poland, then a young man, came back from a
journey, the whole Lescinskian House gathered together at Lissa to
receive him. The schoolmaster, Jablowsky, prepared a festival in
commemoration of the event, and had it end with a ballet performed by
thirteen students, dressed as cavaliers. Each had a shield, upon which
one of the letters of the words "Domus Lescinia" (The Lescinskian House)
was written in gold. After the first dance, they stood in such a manner
that their shields read "Domus Lescinia"; after the second dance, they
changed order, making it read, "Ades incolumnis" (Unharmed art thou
here); after the third. "Mane sidus loci" (Continue the star of this
place); after the fourth, "Sis coumna Dei" (Be a pillar of God); and
finally, "I! scade solium!" (Go! ascend the throne). Indeed, these two
words allow of 1,556,755,200 transpositions; yet that five of them
convey independent and appropriate meanings is certainly very curious.
POINTS OF CRIMINAL LAW.
You cannot lawfully condone an offence by receiving back stolen
property,
The exemption of females from arrest applies only in civil, not in
criminal matters.
Every man is bound to obey the call of a sheriff for assistance in
making an arrest.
The rule "Every man's house is his castle" does not hold good when a man
is accused of crime.
Embezzlement can be charged only against a clerk or servant, or the
officer or agent of a corporation.
Bigamy cannot be proven in law if one party to a marriage has been
absent and not heard from for five years.
Grand larceny is when the value of property stolen exceeds $25.00--When
less than that, the offence is petit larceny.
Arson to be in the first degree must have been committed at night and
the buildings fired must have been inhabited.
Drunkenness is not a legal excuse for crime, but delirium tremens is
considered by the law as a species of insanity.
In a case of assault it is only necessary to prove an "offer or attempt
at assault."
Battery presumes physical violence.
Mayhem, although popularly supposed to refer to injury to the face, lip,
tongue, eye, or ear, applies to any injury done a limb.
A felony is a crime punishable by imprisonment in a State prison; an
"infamous" crime is one punishable with death or State prison.
A police officer is not authorized to make an arrest without a warrant
unless he has personal knowledge of the offense for which the arrest is
made.
An accident is not a crime, unless criminal carelessness can be proven.
A man shooting at a burglar and killing a member of his family is not a
murderer.
Burglary in the first degree can be committed only in the night time.
Twilight, if dark enough to prevent distinguishing a man's face, is the
same as "night" in law.
Murder to be in the first degree must be willful, premeditated and
malicious, or committed while the murderer is engaged in a felonious
act. The killing of a man in a duel is murder, and it is a misdemeanor
to accept or give a challenge.
False swearing is perjury in law only when willfully done, and when the
oath has been legally administered. Such qualifying expressions as "to
the best of my belief," "as I am informed," may save an averment from
being perjured. The law is that the false statement sworn to must be
absolute. Subornation of perjury is a felony.
TO TELL PURE WATER.
The color, odor, taste and purity of water can be ascertained as
follows: Fill a large bottle made of colorless glass with water; look
through the water at some black object. Pour out some of the water and
leave the bottle half full; cork the bottle and place it for a few hours
in a warm place; shake up the water, remove the cork, and critically
smell the air contained in the bottle. If it has any smell, particularly
if the odor is repulsive, the water should not be used for domestic
purposes. By heating the water an odor is evolved that would not
otherwise appear. Water fresh from the well is usually tasteless, even
if it contains a large amount of putrescible organic matter. All water
for domestic purposes should be perfectly tasteless, and remain so even
after it has been warmed, since warming often develops a taste in water
which is tasteless when cold.
HAND GRENADES.
Take chloride of calcium, crude, 20 parts; common salt, 5 parts; and
water, 75 parts. Mix and put in thin bottles. In case of fire, a bottle
so thrown that it will break in or very near the fire will put it out.
This mixture is better and cheaper than many of the high-priced
grenades sold for the purpose of fire protection.
HOW TO GET RID OF RATS.
Get a piece of lead pipe and use it as a funnel to introduce about 1-1/2
ounces of sulphite of potassium into any outside holes tenanted by rats.
Not to be used in dwellings. To get rid of mice use tartar emetic
mingled with any favorite food; they will eat, sicken and take their
leave.
FRIENDLY ADVICE ON MANY SUBJECTS.
Tomato in Bright's Disease.
When Thomas Jefferson brought the tomato from France to America,
thinking that if it could be induced to grow bountifully it might make
good feed for hogs, he little dreamed of the benefit he was conferring
upon posterity. A constant diet of raw tomatoes and skim-milk is said to
be a certain cure for Bright's disease. Gen. Schenck, who, when Minister
to England, became a victim to that complaint, was restored to health by
two years of this regimen.
Relief for Asthma.
An old friend of the editor of this book writes: "I have been a sufferer
from asthma for twenty-five years, and for more than a dozen years have
used the following recipe with great benefit. It is not a cure, but in
my case gives almost instant relief. Take equal parts of powdered
stramonium leaves and powdered belladonna leaves and mix thoroughly; to
each ten ounces of the mixture add one ounce of powdered saltpeter
(nitrate of potash); mix all thoroughly. I always keep some of this in a
small tin box. When I wish to use it I pour a little of the powder into
the cover of the box, light it with a match, cover the whole with a
little paper cone with the point cut off. I place the point of the cone
in my mouth, and breathe the smoke into my lungs with the air. The first
trial is very hard; it almost strangles, but if persevered in will give
great relief. This is much better than stramonium alone. The saltpeter
makes it burn freely, and also helps to give relief. When my home was in
Northern Indiana, I used to buy the leaves in Chicago already powdered.
Now I send to New York. I find it cheaper to do this than to gather and
dry the leaves. It is also almost impossible to dry and pulverize the
leaves at home. By using a paper cone and breathing through it, little
or no smoke is wasted, and the box and paper can be carried in the
pocket and used as occasion requires."
For Swollen Feet.
Policemen, mail carriers, and others whose occupation keeps them on
their feet a great deal, often are troubled with chafed, sore and
blistered feet, especially in extremely hot weather, no matter how
comfortably their shoes may lit. A powder is used in the German army for
sifting into the shoes and stockings of the foot soldiers, called
"Fusstreupulver," and consists of 3 parts salicylic acid, 10 parts
starch and 87 parts pulverized soapstone.
Rules for Fat People and for Lean.
To increase the weight: Eat to the extent of satisfying; a natural
appetite, of fat meats, butter, cream, milk, cocoa, chocolate, bread,
potatoes, peas, parsnips, carrots, beets, farinaceous foods, as Indian
corn, rice, tapioca, sago, corn starch, pastry, custards, oatmeal,
sugar, sweet wines, and ale. Avoid acids. Exercise as little as
possible, and sleep all you can.
To reduce the weight: Eat to the extent of satisfying a natural
appetite, of lean meat, poultry, game, eggs, milk moderately, green
vegetables, turnips, succulent fruits, tea or coffee. Drink lime juice,
lemonade, and acid drinks. Avoid fat, butter, cream, sugar, pastry,
rice, sago, tapioca, corn starch, potatoes, carrots, beets, parsnips,
and sweet wines.
When Quinine Will Break Up a Cold.
It is surprising, says a family physician, how certainly a cold may be
broken up by a timely dose of quinine. When first symptoms make their
appearance, when a little languor, slight hoarseness and ominous
tightening of the nasal membranes follow exposure to draughts or sudden
chill by wet, five grains of this useful alkaloid are sufficient in many
cases to end the trouble. But it must be done promptly. If the golden
moment passes, nothing suffices to stop the weary sneezing,
handkerchief-using, red-nose and woe begone looking periods that
certainly follow.
A Mistaken Idea.
The old adage. "Feed a cold and starve a fever." is characterized by the
Journal of Health as very silly advice. If anything, the reverse would
be nearer right. When a person has a severe cold it is best for him to
eat very lightly, especially during the first few days of the attack.
Hints on Bathing.
There has been a great deal written about bathing. The surface of the
skin is punctured with millions of little holes called pores. The duty
of these pores is to carry the waste matter off. For instance,
perspiration. Now, if these pores are stopped up they are of no use, and
the body has to find some other way to get rid of its impurities. Then
the liver has more than it can do. Then we take a liver pill when we
ought to clean out the pores instead. The housewife is very particular
to keep her sieves in good order; after she has strained a substance
through them they are washed out carefully with water, because water is
the best thing known. That is the reason water is used to bathe in. But
the skin is a little different from a sieve, because it is willing to
help along the process itself. All it needs is a little encouragement
and it will accomplish wonders. What the skin wants is rubbing. If you
should quietly sit down in a tub of water and as quietly get up and dry
off without rubbing, your skin wouldn't be much benefited. The water
would make it a little soft, especially if it was warm. But rubbing is
the great thing. Stand where the sunlight strikes a part of your body,
then take a dry brush and rub it, and you will notice that countless
little flakes of cuticle fly off. Every time one of these flakes is
removed from the skin your body breathes a sigh of relief. An eminent
German authority contends that too much bathing is a bad thing. There is
much truth in this. Soap and water are good things to soften up the
skin, but rubbing is what the skin wants. Every morning or every
evening, or when it is most convenient, wash the body all over with
water and a little ammonia, or anything which tends to make the water
soft; then rub dry with a towel, and after that go over the body from
top to toe with a dry brush. Try this for two or three weeks, and your
skin will be like velvet.
Tea and Coffee.
Tea is a nerve stimulant, pure and simple, acting like alcohol in this
respect, without any value that the latter may possess as a retarder of
waste. It has a special influence upon those nerve centers that supply
will power, exalting their sensibility beyond normal activity, and may
even produce hysterical symptoms, if carried far enough. Its active
principle, theine, is an exceedingly powerful drug, chiefly employed by
nerve specialists as a pain destroyer, possessing the singular quality
of working toward the surface. That is to say, when a dose is
administered hypodermically for sciatica, for example, the narcotic
influence proceeds outward from the point of injection, instead of
inward toward the centers, as does that of morphia, atropia, etc. Tea is
totally devoid of nutritive value, and the habit of drinking it to
excess, which so many American women indulge in, particularly in the
country, is to be deplored as a cause of our American nervousness.
Coffee, on the contrary, is a nerve food. Like other concentrated foods
of its class, it operates as a stimulant also, but upon a different set
of nerves from tea. Taken strong in the morning, it often produces
dizziness and that peculiar visual symptom of overstimulus which is
called muscae volilantes--dancing flies. But this is an improper way to
take it, and rightly used it is perhaps the most valuable liquid
addition to the morning meal. Its active principle, caffeine, differs in
all physiological respects from theine, while it is chemically very
closely allied, and its limited consumption makes it impotent for harm.
To Straighten Round Shoulders.
A stooping figure and a halting gait, accompanied by the unavoidable
weakness of lungs incidental to a narrow chest, may be entirely cured by
the very simple and easily-performed exercise of raising one's self
upon the toes leisurely in a perpendicular position several times daily.
To take this exercise properly one must take a perfectly upright
position. With the heels together and the toes at an angle of forty-five
degrees. Then drop the arms lifelessly by the sides, animating and
raising the chest to its full capacity and muscularity, the chin well
drawn in, and the crown of the head feeling as if attached to a string
suspended from the ceiling above. Slowly rise upon the balls of both
feet to the greatest possible height, thereby exercising all the muscles
of the legs and body; come again into standing position without swaying
the body backward out of the perfect line. Repeat this same exercise,
first on one foot, then on the other. It is wonderful what a
straightening-out power this exercise has upon round shoulders and
crooked backs, and one will be surprised to note how soon the lungs
begin to show the effect of such expansive development.
Care of the Eyes.
In consequence of the increase of affections of the eye, a specialist
has recently formulated the following rules to be observed in the care
of the eyes for school work: A comfortable temperature, dry and warm
feet, good ventilation; clothing at the neck and on other parts of the
body loose; posture erect, and never read lying down or stooping. Little
study before breakfast or directly after a heavy meal; none at all at
twilight or late at night; use great caution about studying after
recovery from fevers; have light abundant, but not dazzling, not
allowing the sun to shine on desks or on objects in front of the
scholars, and letting the light come from the left hand or left and
rear; hold book at right angles to the line of sight or nearly so; give
eyes frequent rest by looking up. The distance of the book from the eye
should be about fifteen inches. The usual indication of strain is
redness of the rim of the eyelid, betokening a congested state of the
inner surface, which may be accompanied with some pain. When the eye
tires easily rest is not the proper remedy, but the use of glasses of
sufficient power to aid in accommodating the eye to vision.
How and When to Drink Water.
According to Doctor Leuf, when water is taken into the full or partly
full stomach, it does not mingle with the food, as we are taught, but
passes along quickly between the food and lesser curvature toward the
pylorus, through which it passes into the intestines. The secretion of
mucus by the lining membrane is constant, and during the night a
considerable amount accumulates in the stomach; some of its liquid
portion is absorbed, and that which remains is thick and tenacious. If
food is taken into the stomach when in this condition, it becomes coated
with this mucus, and the secretion of the gastric juice and its action
are delayed. These facts show the value of a goblet of water before
breakfast. This washes out the tenacious mucus, and stimulates the
gastric glands to secretion. In old and feeble persons water should not
be taken cold, but it may be with great advantage taken warm or hot.
This removal of the accumulated mucus from the stomach is probably one
of the reasons why taking soup at the beginning of a meal has been found
so beneficial.
What Causes Coughs.
Cold and coughs are prevalent throughout the country, but throat
affections are by far more common among business men. Every unfortunate
one mutters something about the abominable weather and curses the
piercing wind. Much of the trouble, however, is caused by overheated
rooms, and a little more attention to proper ventilation would remove
the cause of suffering. Doctor J. Ewing Mears, who was thus afflicted,
said to an inquirer: "The huskiness and loss of power of articulation so
common among us are largely due to the use of steam for heating. The
steam cannot be properly regulated, and the temperature becomes too
high. A person living in this atmosphere has all the cells of the lungs
open, and when he passes into the open air he is unduly exposed. The
affliction is quite common among the men who occupy offices in the new
buildings which are fitted up with all modern improvements. The
substitution of electric light for gas has wrought a change to which
people have not yet adapted themselves. The heat arising from a number
of gas jets will quickly raise the temperature of a room, and
unconsciously people rely upon that means of heating to some extent.
Very little warmth, however, is produced by the electric light, and when
a man reads by an incandescent light he at times finds himself becoming
chilly, and wonders why it is. Too hot during the day and too cold at
night are conditions which should be avoided."
PHYSICAL EXERCISE.
The principal methods of developing the physique now prescribed by
trainers are exercise with dumbbells, the bar bell and the chest weight.
The rings and horizontal and parallel bars are also used, but not nearly
to the extent that they formerly were. The movement has been all in the
direction of the simplification of apparatus; in fact, one well-known
teacher of the Boston Gymnasium when asked his opinion said: "Four bare
walls and a floor, with a well-posted instructor, is all that is really
required for a gymnasium."
Probably the most important as well as the simplest appliance for
gymnasium work is the wooden dumbbell, which has displaced the ponderous
iron bell of former days. Its weight is from three-quarters of a pound
to a pound and a half, and with one in each hand a variety of motions
can be gone through, which are of immense benefit in building up or
toning down every muscle and all vital parts of the body.
The first object of an instructor in taking a beginner in hand is to
increase the circulation. This is done by exercising the extremities,
the first movement being one of the hands, after which come the wrists,
then the arms, and next the head and feet. As the circulation is
increased the necessity for a larger supply of oxygen, technically
called "oxygen-hunger," is created, which is only satisfied by breathing
exercises, which develop the lungs. After the circulation is in a
satisfactory condition, the dumbbell instructor turns his attention to
exercising the great muscles of the body, beginning with those of the
back, strengthening which holds the body erect, thus increasing the
chest capacity, invigorating the digestive organs, and, in fact, all the
vital functions. By the use of very light weights an equal and
symmetrical development of all parts of the body is obtained, and then
there are no sudden demands on the heart and lungs.
After the dumbbell comes exercise with the round, or bar bell. This is
like the dumbbell, with the exception that the bar connecting the balls
is four or five feet, instead of a few inches in length. Bar bells weigh
from one to two pounds each and are found most useful in building up the
respiratory and digestive systems, their especial province being the
strengthening of the erector muscles and increasing the flexibility of
the chest.
Of all fixed apparatus in use the pulley weight stands easily first in
importance. These weights are available for a greater variety of objects
than any other gymnastic appliance, and can be used either for general
exercise or for strengthening such muscles as most require it. With them
a greater localization is possible than with the dumbbell, and for this
reason they are recommended as a kind of supplement to the latter. As
chest developers and correctors of round shoulders they are most
effective. As the name implies, they are simply weights attached to
ropes, which pass over pulleys, and are provided with handles. The
common pulley is placed at about the height of the shoulder of an
average man, but recently those which can be adjusted to any desired
height have been very generally introduced.
When more special localization is desired than can be obtained by means
of the ordinary apparatus, what is known as the double-action chest
weight is used. This differs from the ordinary kind in being provided
with several pulleys, so that the strain may come at different angles.
Double-action weights may be divided into three classes--high, low, and
side pulleys--each with its particular use.
The highest of all, known as the giant pulleys, are made especially for
developing the muscles of the back and chest, and by stretching or
elongating movements to increase the interior capacity of the chest. If
the front of the chest is full and the back or side chest deficient, the
pupil is set to work on the giant pulley. To build up the side-walls he
stands with the back to the pulley-box and the left heel resting against
it; the handle is grasped in the right hand if the right side of the
chest is lacking in development, and then drawn straight down by the
side; a step forward with the right foot, as long as possible, is taken,
the line brought as far to the front and near the floor as can be done,
and then the arm, held stiff, allowed to be drawn solely up by the
weight. To exercise the left side the same process is gone through with,
the handle grasped in the left hand. Another kind of giant pulley is
that which allows the operator to stand directly under it, and is used
for increasing the lateral diameter of the chest. The handles are drawn
straight down by the sides, the arms are then spread and drawn back by
the weights. Generally speaking, high pulleys are most used for
correcting high, round shoulders; low pulleys for low, round shoulders;
side pulleys for individual high or low shoulders, and giant pulleys for
the development of the walls of the chest and to correct spinal
curvature.
The traveling rings, a line of iron rings, covered with rubber and
attached to long ropes fastened to the ceiling some ten feet apart, are
also valuable in developing the muscles of the back, arms and sides. The
first ring is grasped in one hand and a spring taken from an elevated
platform. The momentum carries the gymnast to the next ring, which is
seized with the free hand, and so the entire length of the line is
traversed. The parallel bars, low and high, the flying rings, the
horizontal bar and the trapeze all have their uses, but of late years
they have been relegated to a position of distinct inferiority to that
now occupied by the dumbbells and pulley weights.
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.
What To Do
If an artery is cut, red blood spurts. Compress it above the wound. If a
vein is cut, dark blood flows. Compress it below and above.
If choked, go upon all fours and cough.
For slight burns, dip the part in cold water; if the skin is destroyed,
cover with varnish or linseed oil.
For apoplexy, raise the head and body; for fainting, lay the person
flat.
Send for a physician when a serious accident of any kind occurs, but
treat as directed until he arrives.
Scalds and Burns--The following facts cannot be too firmly impressed on
the mind of the reader, that in either of these accidents the first,
best, and often the only remedies required, are sheets of wadding, fine
wool, or carded cotton, and, in the default of these, violet powder,
flour, magnesia, or chalk. The object for which these several articles
are employed is the same in each instance; namely, to exclude the air
from the injured part; for if the air can be effectually shut out from
the raw surface, and care is taken not to expose the tender part till
the new cuticle is formed, the cure may be safely left to nature. The
moment a person is called to a case of scald or burn, he should cover
the part with a sheet, or a portion of a sheet, of wadding, taking care
not to break any blister that may have formed, or stay to remove any
burnt clothes that may adhere to the surface, but as quickly as possible
envelop every part of the injury from all access of the air, laying one
or two more pieces of wadding on the first, so as effectually to guard
the burn or scald from the irritation of the atmosphere; and if the
article used is wool or cotton, the same precaution, of adding more
material where the surface is thinly covered, must be adopted; a light
bandage finally securing all in their places. Any of the popular
remedies recommended below may be employed when neither wool, cotton,
nor wadding are to be procured, it being always remembered that that
article which will best exclude the air from a burn or scald is the
best, quickest, and least painful mode of treatment. And in this respect
nothing has surpassed cotton loose or attached to paper as in wadding.
If the Skin is Much Injured in burns, spread some linen pretty thickly
with chalk ointment, and lay over the part, and give the patient some
brandy and water if much exhausted; then send for a medical man. If not
much injured, and very painful, use the same ointment, or apply carded
cotton dipped in lime water and linseed oil. If you please, you may lay
cloths dipped in ether over the parts, or cold lotions. Treat scalds in
same manner, or cover with scraped raw potato; but the chalk ointment is
the best. In the absence of all these, cover the injured part with
treacle, and dust over it plenty of flour.
BODY IN FLAMES--Lay the person down on the floor of the room, and throw
the table cloth, rug, or other large cloth over him, and roll him on the
floor.
DIRT IN THE EYE--Place your forefinger upon the cheek-bone, having the
patient before you; then slightly bend the finger, this will draw down
the lower lid of the eye, and you will probably be able to remove the
dirt; but if this will not enable you to get at it, repeat this
operation while you have a knitting-needle or bodkin placed over the
eyelid; this will turn it inside out, and enable you to remove the sand,
or eyelash, etc., with the corner of a fine silk handkerchief. As soon
as the substance is removed, bathe the eye with cold water, and exclude
the light for a day. If the inflammation is severe, let the patient use
a refrigerant lotion.
LIME IN THE EVE--Syringe it well with warm vinegar and water in the
proportion of one ounce of vinegar to eight ounces of water; exclude
light.
IRON OR STEEL SPICULAE IN THE EYE--These occur while turning iron or
steel in a lathe, and are best remedied by doubling back the upper or
lower eyelid according to the situation of the substance, and with the
flat edge of a silver probe, taking up the metallic particle, using a
lotion made by dissolving six grains of sugar of lead and the same of
white vitriol, in six ounces of water, and bathing the eye three times a
day till the inflammation subsides. Another plan is--Drop a solution of
sulphate of copper (from one to three grains of salt to one ounce of
water) into the eye, or keep the eye open in a wineglassful of the
solution. Bathe with cold lotion, and exclude light to keep down
inflammation.
DISLOCATED THUMB--This is frequently produced by a fall. Make a clove
hitch, by passing two loops of cord over the thumb, placing a piece of
rag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb; then pull in the
same line as the thumb. Afterwards apply a cold lotion.
CUTS AND WOUNDS--Clean cut wounds whether deep or superficial, and
likely to heal by the first intention, should always be washed or
cleaned, and at once evenly and smoothly closed by bringing both edges
close together and securing them in that position by adhesive plaster.
Cut thin strips of sticking plaster, and bring the parts together; or,
if large and deep, cut two broad pieces, so as to look like the teeth of
a comb, and place one on each side of the wound, which must be cleaned
previously. These pieces must be arranged so that they shall interlace
one another; then, by laying hold of the pieces on the right side with
one hand, and those on the other side with the other hand and pulling
them from one another, the edges of the wounds are brought together
without any difficulty.
Ordinary Cuts are dressed by thin strips, applied by pressing down the
plaster on one side of the wound, and keeping it there, and pulling in
the opposite direction; then suddenly depressing the hand when the edges
of the wound are brought together.
CONTUSIONS are best healed by laying a piece of folded lint, well wetted
with extract of lead or boracic acid, on the part, and, if there is much
pain, placing a hot bran poultice over the dressing, repeating both if
necessary every, two hours. When the injuries are very severe lay a
cloth over the part, and suspend a basin over it filled with cold
lotion. Put a piece of cotton into the basin, so that it shall allow the
lotion to drop on the cloth, and thus keep it always wet.
HEMORRHAGE, when caused by an artery being divided or torn, may be known
by the blood issuing out of the wound in leaps or jerks, and being of a
bright scarlet color. If a vein is injured, the blood is darker and
flows continuously. To arrest the latter apply pressure by means of a
compress and bandage. To arrest arterial bleeding, get a piece of wood
(part of a broom handle will do), and tie a piece of tape to one end of
it. Then tie a piece of tape loosely over the arm, and pass the other
end of the wood under it; twist the stick around and around until the
tape compresses the arm sufficiently to arrest the bleeding, and then
confine the other end by tying the string around the arm. A compress
made by enfolding a penny piece in several folds of lint or linen
should, however, be first placed under the tape and over the artery, If
the bleeding is very obstinate, and it occurs in the arm, place a cork
underneath the string, on the inside of the fleshy part, where the
artery may be felt beating by any one; if in the leg, place a cork in
the direction of a line drawn from the inner part of the knee toward the
outer part of the groin. It is an excellent thing to accustom yourself
to find out the position of these arteries, or, indeed, any that are
superficial, and to explain to every person in your house where they
are, and how to stop bleeding. If a stick cannot be got, take a
handkerchief, make a cord bandage of it, and tie a knot in the middle;
the knot acts as a compress, and should be placed over the artery, while
the two ends are c around the thumb. Observe always to place
the ligature between the wound and the heart. Putting your finger into a
bleeding wound, and making pressure until a surgeon arrives, will
generally stop violent bleeding.
BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, from whatever cause, may generally be stopped by
putting a plug of lint into the nostrils; if this does not do, apply a
cold lotion to the forehead; raise the head, and place over it both
arms, so that it will rest on the hands; dip the lint plug, slightly
moistened, into some powdered gum arabic, and plug the nostrils again;
or dip the plug into equal parts of powdered gum arabic and alum, and
plug the nose. Or the plug may be dipped in Friar's balsam, or tincture
of kino. Heat should be applied to the feet; and, in obstinate cases,
the sudden shock of a cold key, or cold water poured down the spine,
will often instantly stop the bleeding. If the bowels are confined, take
a purgative. Injections of alum solution from a small syringe into the
nose will often stop hemorrhage.
VIOLENT SHOCKS will sometimes stun a person, and he will remain
unconscious. Untie strings, collars, etc.; loosen anything that is tight
and interferes with the breathing; raise the head; see if there is
bleeding from any part; apply smelling-salts to the nose, and hot
bottles to the feet.
IN CONCUSSION, the surface of the body is cold and pale, and the pulse
weak and small, the breathing slow and gentle, and the pupil of the eye
generally contracted or small. You can get an answer by speaking loud,
so as to arouse the patient. Give a little brandy and water, keep the
place quiet, apply warmth, and do not raise the head too high. If you
tickle the feet, the patient feels it.
IN COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIN from any cause, such as apoplexy, or a piece
of fractured bone pressing on it, there is loss of sensation. If you
tickle the feet of the injured person he does not feel it. You cannot
arouse him so as to get an answer. The pulse is slow and labored; the
breathing deep, labored, and snorting; the pupil enlarged. Raise the
head, loosen strings or tight things, and send for a surgeon. If one
cannot be got at once, apply mustard poultices to the feet and thighs,
leeches to the temples, and hot water to the feet.
CHOKING--When a person has a fish bone in the throat, insert the
forefinger, press upon the root of the tongue, so as to induce vomiting;
if this does not do, let him swallow a large piece of potato or soft
bread; and if these fail, give a mustard emetic,
FAINTING, HYSTERICS, ETC.--Loosen the garments, bathe the temples with
water or eau-de-Cologne; open the window, admit plenty of fresh air,
dash cold water on the face, apply hot bricks to the feet, and avoid
bustle and excessive sympathy.
DROWNING.--Attend to the following essential rules: 1. Lose no time. 2.
Handle the body gently. 3. Carry the body face downward, with the head
gently raised, and never hold it up by the feet. 4. Send for medical
assistance immediately, and in the meantime act as follows: 5. Strip the
body; rub it dry, then wrap it in hot blankets, and place it in a warm
bed in a warm room. 6. Cleanse away the froth and mucus from the nose
and month. 7. Apply warm bricks, bottles, bags of sand, etc. to the
armpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. 8. Rub the
surface of the body with the hands inclosed in warm, dry worsted socks.
9. If possible, put the body into a warm bath. 10. To restore breathing,
put the pipe of a common bellows into one nostril, carefully closing the
other, and the mouth; at the same time drawing downward, and pushing
gently backward, the upper part of the windpipe to allow a more free
admission of air; blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate the
lungs, till the breast be raised a little; then set the month and
nostrils free, and press gently on the chest; repeat this until signs of
life appear. The body should be covered the moment it is placed on the
table, except the face, and all the rubbing carried on under the sheet
or blanket. When they can be obtained, a number of tiles or bricks
should be made tolerably hot in the fire, laid in a row on the table,
covered with a blanket, and the body placed in such a manner on them
that their heat may enter the spine. When the patient revives, apply
smelling-salts to the nose, give warm wine or brandy and water.
Cautions.--1. Never rub the body with salt or spirits. 2. Never roll the
body on casks. 3. Continue the remedies for twelve hours without
ceasing.
HANGING--Loosen the cord, or whatever it may be by which the person has
been suspended. Open the temporal artery or jugular vein, or bleed from
the arm; employ electricity, if at hand, and proceed as for drowning.
APPARENT DEATH FROM DRUNKENNESS--Raise the head; loosen the clothes,
maintain warmth of surface, and give a mustard emetic as soon as the
person can swallow.
APOPLEXY AND FITS GENERALLY--Raise the head; loosen all tight clothes,
strings, etc.; apply cold lotions to the head, and send for a surgeon.
SUFFOCATION FROM NOXIOUS GASES, ETC.--Remove to the fresh air; dash cold
vinegar and water in the face, neck, and breast; keep up the warmth of
the body; if necessary, apply mustard poultices to the soles of the feet
and to the spine, and try artificial respirations as in drowning, with
electricity.
LIGHTNING AND SUNSTROKE--Treat the same as apoplexy.
POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.
General Rules
Always send immediately for a medical man. Save all fluids vomited, and
articles of food, cups, glasses, etc., used by the patient before taken
ill, and lock them up.
As a rule give emetics after poisons that cause sleepiness and raving;
chalk, milk, eggs, butter, and warm water, or oil, after poisons that
cause vomiting and pain in the stomach and bowels, with purging; and
when there is no inflammation about the throat, tickle it with a feather
to excite vomiting.
Vomiting may be caused by giving warm water, with a teaspoonful of
mustard to the tumblerful, well stirred up. Sulphate of zinc (white
vitriol) may be used in place of the mustard, or powdered alum. Powder
of ipecacuanha, a teaspoonful rubbed up with molasses, may be employed
for children. Tartar emetic should never be given, as it is excessively
depressing, and uncontrollable in its effects. The stomach pump can only
be used by skillful hands, and even then with caution.
Opium and other Narcotics--After vomiting has occurred, cold water
should be dashed over the face and head. The patient must be kept awake,
walked about between two strong persons, made to grasp the handles of a
galvanic battery, dosed with strong coffee, and vigorously slapped.
Belladonna is an antidote for opium and for morphia, etc.; its active
principles; and, on the other hand, the latter counteract the effects of
belladonna. But a knowledge of medicine is necessary for dealing with
these articles.
Strychnia--After emetics have been freely and successfully given, the
patient should be allowed to breathe the vapor of sulphuric ether,
poured on a handkerchief and held to the face, in such quantities as to
keep down the tendency to convulsions. Bromide of potassium, twenty
grains at a dose, dissolved in syrup, may be given every hour.
Alcoholic Poisoning should be combated by emetics, of which the sulphate
of zinc, given as above directed, is the best. After that, strong coffee
internally, and stimulation by heat externally, should be used.
Acids are sometimes swallowed by mistake. Alkalies, lime water,
magnesia, or common chalk mixed with water, may be freely given, and
afterward mucilaginous drinks, such as thick gum water or flaxseed tea.
Alkalies are less frequently taken in injurious strength or quantity,
but sometimes children swallow lye by mistake. Common vinegar may be
given freely, and then castor or sweet oil in full doses--a
tablespoonful at a time, repeated every half hour or two.
Nitrate of silver when swallowed is neutralized by common table salt
freely given in solution in water.
The salts of mercury or arsenic (often kept as bedbug poison), which are
powerful irritants, are apt to be very quickly fatal. Milk or the whites
of eggs may be freely given and afterward a very thin paste of flour and
water. In these cases an emetic is to be given after the poison is
neutralized.
Phosphorus paste, kept for roach poison or in parlor matches, is
sometimes eaten by children and has been willfully taken for the purpose
of suicide. It is a powerful irritant. The first thing to be done is to
give freely of magnesia and water; then to give mucilaginous drinks as
flaxseed tea, gum water or sassafras pith and water; and lastly to
administer finely powdered bone-charcoal, either in pill or in mixture
with water.
In no case of poisoning should there be any avoidable delay in obtaining
the advice of a physician, and, meanwhile, the friends or bystanders
should endeavor to find out exactly what has been taken, so that the
treatment adopted may be as prompt and effective as possible.
KEEP STILL.
Keep still. When trouble is brewing, keep still. Even when slander is
getting on its legs, keep still. When your feelings are hurt, keep
still, till you recover from your excitement at any rate. Things look
differently through an unagitated eye. A doctor relates how once in a
commotion he wrote a letter, and sent it, and wished he had not. "I had
another commotion and wrote a long letter; but life had rubbed a little
sense into me. I kept that letter in my pocket against the day when I
could look it over without agitation and without tears. I was glad I
did. Less and less it seemed necessary to send it I was not sure it
would do any hurt, but in my doubt I leaned to reticence, and eventually
it was destroyed."
PHILOSOPHICAL FACTS.
The greatest height at which visible clouds ever exist does not exceed
ten miles.
Air is about eight hundred and fifteen times lighter than water.
The pressure of the atmosphere upon every square foot of the earth
amounts to two thousand one hundred and sixty pounds.
The violence of the expansion of water when freezing is sufficient to
cleave a globe of copper of such thickness as to require a force of
27,000 pounds, to produce the same effect.
During the conversion of ice into water one hundred and forty degrees of
heat are absorbed.
Water, when converted into steam, increases in bulk eighteen hundred
times.
In one second of time--in one beat of the pendulum of a clock--light
travels two hundred thousand miles. Were a cannon ball shot toward the
sun, and were it to maintain full speed, it would be twenty years in
reaching it, and yet light travels through this space in seven or eight
minutes.
Strange as it may appear, a ball of a ton weight, and another of the
same material of an ounce weight, falling from any height will reach the
ground at the same time.
The heat does not increase as we rise above the earth nearer to the sun,
but decreases rapidly until, beyond the regions of the atmosphere, in
void, it is estimated that the cold is about seventy degrees below zero.
The line of perpetual frost at the equator is 15,000 feet altitude;
13,000 feet between the tropics; and 9,000 to 4,000 between the
latitudes of forty degrees and forty-nine degrees.
At a depth of forty-five feet under ground, the temperature of the earth
is uniform throughout the year.
The human ear is so extremely sensitive that it can hear a sound that
lasts only the twenty-four thousandth part of a second.
Sound travels at the rate of one thousand one hundred and forty-two feet
per second-about thirteen miles in a minute. So that if we hear a clap
of thunder half a minute after the flash, we may calculate that the
discharge of electricity is six and a half miles off.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Accent and Pronunciation
Accidents and Emergencies
Aeronautics, Dictionary of
Age, To Tell, of Any Person
Age, When One Becomes of
Alphabet of Advice to Writers
Amendments to the Constitution
Analogies in Nature, Queer
Appalling Depths of Space, The
Apparel for Men, Proper
Art of Not Forgetting, The
Asthma, Relief for
Baby's Mind, Development of the
Balls and Evening Receptions
Bank, Doing Business with a
Bathing, Hints on
Beauty and Health
Bees (Memory Rhyme)
Bell Time on Shipboard
"Best Man." Duties of the
Birthdays (Memory Rhyme)
Birth Stones
Blonds and Brunettes, Colors for
Brain, The Wonderful Human
Bread, Salt-Rising
Bride's Trousseau
Bright's Disease, Tomato in
Burial Alive, To Guard Against
Business Law in Brief
Bust, To Develop the
Canary Birds, Care of
Capital Letters. The Use of
Chamois Skins
Change, How to Make
Character as Seen in Faces
Check, How to Draw a
Check-Raising Made Easy
Cities, Nicknames of
Cities, Principal American
College Colors
Color Contrast and Harmony
Colors, How to Select
Colors for Blonds and Brunettes
Complexions, Men and
Constitutional Law, Principal Points of
Constitution of the United States, The
Copyright, The Law of
Cost and Price Marks
Coughs, What Cures
Counterfeit Money, How to Detect
Courtship and Marriage, Etiquette of
Criminal Law, Points of
Cuckoo, The (Memory Rhyme)
Cure for Love, A
Days of the Week
Death Sentence of the Savior
Debutantes, Etiquette for
Declaration of Independence, The
Declaration of Independence, Signers of the
Dentifrices, Useful and Injurious
Dictionary of Aeronautics
Dictionary of Dreams
Discount, Trade
Distances by Water from New York
Distances that Stun the Mind
Divorce and Marriage
Dog, Senator Vest's Eulogy on the
Doing Business with a Bank
Don't Be Buried Alive
Dower, The Right of
Dreams and Their Meaning
Dress and Etiquette, Formalities in
Engagement and Wedding Rings
English Grammar in a Nutshell
Etiquette of Courtship and Marriage
Etiquette of the Visiting-Card
Evolution Theory, The
Exercise, Physical
Eyes, Care of the
Eyes, Character Indicated by the
Fables, Modern
Facts about Sponges
Facts about the Liberty Bell
Facts of General Interest
Facts, Handy, to Settle Arguments
Fat People and Lean, Rules for
Female Figure, The Perfect
Feminine Height and Weight
Finding, The Law of
Fingers and Hands, Various Forms of
Flag, The Language of the
Flowers, The Language of
Formalities in Dress and Etiquette
Friendly Advice on Many Subjects
Geographical Nicknames
Girdle of Venus
Glue, Test for
God, The Name of, in Fifty Languages
"Good Bye, God Bless You"
Grammar, English, in a nutshell
Grammar, Short (Memory Rhyme)
Grammar, Spelling and Pronunciation
Hair, Curious Facts About
Hair and Scalp, Care of the
Hand Grenades
Hands and Fingers, Various Forms of
Hands, Care of the
Handy Metric Table
Happiness Defined
Health Line
Health and Beauty
Height and Weight
Height of Noted Structure
Holidays, Legal, in Various States
Horse's Prayer, The
Horses, To Tell the Age of
Housekeepers Should Remember, What
Hypnotism, The Mysteries of
Independence, The Declaration of
Indorsement of Checks, etc.
Infant Feeding and Management
Interest Rules, Short
Invitations and Announcements
Jefferson's Political Policy
Jewelry, Correct Form of
Keep Still
Lady's Chance of Marrying, A
Language of Flowers, The
Language of Precious Stones
Last Words of Famous Men and Women
Law, Business, in Brief
Law, Points of Criminal
Letter Combinations
Liberty Bell, Facts About the
Loisette's Memory System
Love, A Cure for
Magna Charta
Marriage and Courtship, Etiquette of
Marriage and Divorce
Measures and Weights
Mecklenburg Declaration, The
Memory Rhymes
Memory System, Loisette's
Merchants' Cost and Price Marks
Metric Table, Handy
Months, Derivation of the Names of the
Months, The (Memory Rhyme)
Mottoes of the States
Mourning Colors the World Over
Mourning Customs
Name of God in Fifty Languages
Names of Men, Meanings of Christian
Names of Women, Christian
Name, What's in a
Nature's Wonders, Some of
Nicknames, Geographical
Nicknames of Cities
Notes and Acceptances
Nursing of Infants
"Oh, I Wish I Was in Eden"
Opportunity--Ingalls' Famous Sonnet
Opportunity--Poem
Osteopathy, The Claims of
Palmistry, The Mysteries of
Palm-Reading, Chart for
Parliamentary Law, Principles, of
Patent, How to Obtain a
Philosophical Facts
Phrenology, Dr. Spurzheim's
Physical Exercise
Piano, How to Care for a
Points of Criminal Law
Poisons and Their Antidotes
Population of Principal Cities
Poor Richard's Sayings
Presidents, Ages and Deaths of the
Presidents of the United States
Precious Stones, The Language of
Pronunciation and Accent
Pronunciation, Common Errors in
Pronunciation, Simple Rules of
Punctuation
Quinine to Break Up a Cold
"Raised" Checks
Rats, How to Get Rid of
Recipes, Trade Secrets, etc.
Reputation, Lines of
Riddles, Old and New
Riding, Rules for (Memory Rhyme)
Rights of Married Women
Road, Rule of the
Salt-Rising Bread
Scalp and Hair, Care of the
Science and Statistics, Facts of
Shakespeare's Counsel
Shaving, Hints on
Short Rules for Spelling
Shoulders, To Straighten Round
Single Tax, The
Skin, Care of the
Social Forms
Sparrow, The English
Spelling, Short Rules for
Sponges, Facts About
States, Mottoes of the
States, The Names of the
Steps in the Growth of American Liberty
Swollen Feet, Relief for
Tea and Coffee
Teeth of Children, The
Teeth, The Care of the
Theosophy
Things That Are Misnamed
Toasts and Sentiments
Toothache
Time in Which Money Doubles
Trade Discounts
Trademarks, The Laws of
Trees, Big
Trees, Maximum Age of
United States, Constitution of
Visiting-Card, Etiquette of the
Water, How and When to Drink
Water, To Tell Pure
Wedding and Engagement Rings
Wedding Anniversaries
Wedding Customs
Weights and Measures
Weights and Measures, Handy
What Housekeepers Should Remember
What's in a Name?
Wine, How to Serve, etc.
Woman's Lunch, A
Workingmen Easily Gulled
Writers, Alphabet Of Advice to
[Transcriber's note: The rest of the book is advertisemnts. Ads are
separated by a horizontal line.]

Things Worth Knowing about Dr. Graves' Tooth Powder
ARE TOO MANY AND TOO WELL KNOWN
TO PRINT ON THIS SMALL PAGE
BUT-
HERE ARE A FEW
3,360,000 cans sold in 1910
5 girls can make 75 gross in one day
42,000 druggists in the U. S. A., carry GRAVES'
200 tons of Tooth Powder made in 1910
If so many people use GRAVES' why can't you?