[89] See Les Anaerobies, Jungano and Distaso (Masson et Cie Paris, 1910).
[90] The Bacteriology of the Leather Industry, J.S.C.I., 1910, p. 666.
[91] Reprinted from the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, February 15, 1906, No. 3, vol. xxv. The numbers in brackets refer to the Bibliography, Chapter XI.
[92] J.S.C.I., 1894, 218.
[93] J.S.C.I., 1893, 442.
[94] “The Nature of Enzyme Action,” by Dr. W. M. Bayliss, FRS.
[95] The important discoveries of MM. Paul Sabatier and Senderens on the catalytic action of finely divided metals, notably nickel and copper, have recently been extended to a study of the catalytic action of various metallic oxides. In the Comptes rendus, MM. Paul Sabatier and A. Mailhe give an account of a new synthetic method, based on the catalytic effect of titanium oxide, which would appear to possess many practical applications. They show that if a column of titanium dioxide is maintained at a temperature of 280°–300° C., and a mixture of the vapours of a primary alcohol and a fatty acid (other than formic acid) is led over it, the corresponding ester is formed. The same limit is here reached instantaneously as was found by Berthelot after prolonged contact. An excess of either constituent favours the limit of combination of the other. Following this method, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, and isoamyl esters of acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric and caproic acids have been prepared. Esters of benzyl alcohol have also been readily obtained by this method. The inverse action—the direct hydrolysis of esters by water—is also easily effected, and the use of titanium dioxide reduces any secondary reactions to a negligible amount. See Nature, March 9, 1911, p. 54. See also Dr. Sand’s paper—bibliography.
[96] There are apparent exceptions and complications of this law which we shall not here enter into, except to say that they may be explained by the fact that the action of some enzymes is reversible (see p. [141], under lipase.)
[97] “Zeit. f. Hygiene,” Bd. xlix. p. 135.
[98] Les Enzymes, Dr. Jean Effront, Paris, 1899.