"J. Holt, Secretary of War.
"S. Cooper, Adjutant-General."
(11) Lieutenant Frank C. Armstrong (First Cavalry), pending his resignation, fought at Bull Run (July, 1861) for the Union, then went into the Confederacy and became a Brigadier-General.
(12) "Treasury Department, Jan. 29, 1861. "W. Hemphill Jones, New Orleans:
"Tell Lieutenant Caldwell to arrest Captain Breshwood, assume command of the cutter and obey the order through you. If Captain Breshwood, after arrest, undertakes to interfere with the command of the cutter, tell Lieutenant Caldwell to consider him a mutineer, and treat him accordingly.
"If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, Shoot him on the Spot.
"John A. Dix, Secretary of the Treasury."
(13) Sherman's Memoirs, vol. i, p. 163.
(14) Manassas to Appomattox (Longstreet), pp. 29-30.
(15) John Wilkes, British Par., 1780 (Pat. Reader, p. 135).
(16) In 1861 an army officer was not required (as now) to take an oath of office on receiving promotion. The following is a copy of the last oath taken by Robert E. Lee as a United States Army officer, and it shows the form of oath then taken by other army officers.