Fig. 2460.
In [Fig. 2460] is shown the method of making a rust flange joint; a a being a ring covered with hemp twisted around it, the cast-iron cement being caulked in as before.
The wire rings should be firmly gripped by the bolts to prevent them from moving from the caulking blows, which should be at first delivered lightly.
Fig. 2461.
In some cases pipes are joined with rust joints, as in [Fig. 2461] in which a a is a sleeve, there being two rings of wire and hemp inserted as shown.
When flanged joints are made with a scraper, or ground joint, or with rubber, duck, or other similar material to make the joint, the length of the pipe, from face to face of the joint, must be made accurate.