An American division numbers 30,000 men, and a corps consists of six divisions, two of which play the part of reserves. With auxiliary troops, air squadrons, tank sections, heavy artillery, and other branches, a corps numbers from 225,000 to 250,000 men.
[Illustration: Chart]
The main line in this graph—the heavy broken line—represents the
state of civilian morale in Germany.
German morale is arbitrarily regarded as standing at 100 % in August.
1914.
Zero, for the same line, is taken to be the point at which an effective majority of the German people will refuse longer to support the war.
The degree of movement of this line is determined mainly by a consideration of the deflections of the secondary lines which represent the forces exerting the greatest influence on the German state of mind.
SHOWING GERMANY'S ROAD TO DEFEAT
Austria's fluctuations are indicated, as well as the morale, military
position, political and food conditions and undersea enterprises of
Germany.
The following were the general officers temporarily assigned to command
the first five corps:
First corps—Major-General Hunter Liggett.
Second corps—Major-General Robert L. Bullard
Third corps—Major-General William M. Wright.
Fourth corps—Major-General George W. Read.
Fifth corps—Major-General Omar Bundy.
Seven divisions and one separate regiment of American troops participated in the counter-offensive between Chateau-Thierry and Soissons and in resisting the German attack in the Champagne, it was officially stated on July 20. The 42d, or "Rainbow" Division, composed of National Guard troops from twenty-six states and the District of Columbia, including the New York 69th Infantry, now designated as the 165th Infantry, took part in the fighting in the Champagne east of Rheims. The six other divisions were associated with the French in the counter-offensive between Chateau-Thierry and Soissons. These divisions were the 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th of the Regular Army, the 26th National Guard Division, composed of troops from the six New England States, and the 28th, composed of the Pennsylvania National Guard. Marines were included in this number. The separate regiment that fought in the Champagne was a negro unit attached to the new 93d Division, composed entirely of negro troops. It was also announced that the 77th Division was "in the line near Luneville" and was "operating as a division, complete under its own commander."
The 42d Division had the distinction, General March announced on August 3d, of defeating the 4th Division of the crack Prussian Guards, professional soldiers of the German standing army, who had never before failed. General March also disclosed the fact that another American division had been sent into that part of the Rheims salient where the Germans showed resistance. This was the 32d Division. "The American divisions in the Rheims salient," General March said, "have now been put in contiguously and are actually getting together as an American force. Southeast of Fere-en-Tardenois our 1st Corps is operating, with General Liggett in actual command."