30.—British submarine attacks Constantinople and damages the Galata Bridge.
31.—Lutsk, Russian fortress, captured by Austrians.
September
2.—Grodno, Russian fortress, occupied by Germans.
6.—Czar Nicholas of Russia assumes command of Russian armies. Grand Duke Nicholas is transferred to the Caucasus.
15.—Pinsk occupied by Germans.
18.—Vilna evacuated by Russia.
24.—Lutsk recaptured by Russians.
25.—Allies open offensive on western front and occupy Lens.
27.—Lutsk again falls to Germans.