a. Primogeniture, entails, and mortmain.
b. Spanish repartimientos and encomiendas; Portuguese capitanias and prazos.
Readings: Bourne, 282-301; Payne, History of America, Vol. I, 254-362; Shepherd, 38-49; Moses, South America on the Eve of Emancipation, 328-340; Keller, 221-225.
1. The Spanish trade regulations; mercantilism; the staple cities.
2. Trade routes; oceanic; inland.
3. Convoys and fleet system; taxes levied; concessions of 1620.
4. Depots and staple cities; fairs.
5. Means of transportation in colonial Spanish America.
6. The Consulado; guilds; cofradias.
7. Trade companies:
The Guipuzcoa company, 1728-1778.
8. The War of Spanish Succession; Treaty of Utrecht.
9. The Anglo-Spanish relations at Porto Bello.
10. Obstacles to success of system:
a. Smuggling.
b. Buccaneers, pirates, and public enemies.
11. Final changes in system, 1740, 1748, 1765, 1778; work of Charles III, Aranda, and Galvez.
12. Portuguese trade regulations.
The Guipuzcoa company, 1728-1778.
a. Smuggling.
b. Buccaneers, pirates, and public enemies.
Required Readings: Shepherd, 43-47; Bourne, 282-301; Morris, 260-277; Moses, Spanish Dependencies, Vol. II, 244-365; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 254-257; Keller, 226-241; 244-249; Smith, 248-254; Priestley, Reforms of Jose de Galvez in New Spain (The Pacific Ocean in History); Mimms, Colbert's West India Policy; Koebel, British Exploits in South America, 47-98; Haring, The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the Seventeenth Century; Colmeiro, II, 401-463; Alberdi, Estudios Economicos, 100-101.
Additional Readings: Blackmar, Spanish Institutions in the Southwest; Stevens, Spanish Rule of Trade in the West Indies; Esquemeling, History of the Buccaneers; Rubalcava, Tratado Historico Politico y Legal del Commercio; Walton, Spanish Colonies, Vol. II, 153-181.
1. The sources of revenue.
2. Taxes: Alcabala; Armada and armadilla; media anata; royal ninths; Indian tribute; taxes on: salt; mineral products; tobacco.
3. Sale of offices.
Readings: Moses, South America on the Eve of Emancipation, 328-339.
1. The universities.
Institutions established at Lima, Mexico City, Bogota, Cordoba, Cuzco, Caracas, Santiago de Chile, Quito, etc.
2. The clergy and education.
3. Colonial literature:
a. Clerical influences.
b. Early tendencies and schools.
c. Writers: Zumarraga, Las Casas, Ercilla, Balbuena, Juana Ines de la Cruz, Espejo.
4. The press.
5. Transplantation of European civilization:
Language; customs; education; religion; political theories and institutions.
6. Cultural influence of colonies upon Spain and Europe.
Institutions established at Lima, Mexico City, Bogota, Cordoba, Cuzco, Caracas, Santiago de Chile, Quito, etc.